No na mea gula a me kala kala

ʻO ia wale nō ka metala i loaʻa kahi kala melemele ʻālohilohi maoli. Ma ke kūlana o ka mālama maikaʻi ʻana, he lōʻihi loa ke ola o nā mea nani gula. ʻAʻole ia he mea kupanaha he gula kā mākou makemake pinepine no nā apo mare. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke gula i manaʻo ʻia e hāʻawi i ka ikaika i ka ʻohana me ka hauʻoli a me ka pōmaikaʻi. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, aia ke gula ma nā wahi a pau; i nā mea kanu, nā moana, nā muliwai, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, akā paʻakikī loa ke unuhi ʻia. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻolōʻihi i ka 1g gula i loko o kahi kaula i ʻoi aku ma mua o 2 mau mile ka lōʻihi.

He palupalu loa ke gula maʻemaʻe, ʻaʻole paʻa a paʻakikī ke hana pū me. ʻO ia ke kumu i hui pū ʻia me nā metala ʻē aʻe e like me ke kālā, keleawe, zinc, nickel. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā alloys e paʻakikī i ke gula a hāʻawi pū i ke kala. No ka laʻana, mālama ke keleawe a me ke kālā i ka waihoʻoluʻu melemele, ʻoiai ʻo nickel, zinc a me palladium e hana i nā ʻāpana kala keʻokeʻo. Ke hana ʻia nei nā mea hoʻonaninani i nā ʻano like ʻole e like me ka poni a i ʻole ka rose.

Ua wehewehe ʻia ka māhele o ke gula i loko o nā karats. Eia nā kūlana karat gula i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana ʻana i nā mea nani:

ʻO 24karat (24K) gula he gula ponoʻī, kona ʻano maʻemaʻe.

ʻO 14karat (14K) gula he 14 ʻāpana gula, i hui pū ʻia me 10 ʻāpana o nā metala ʻē aʻe.

ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka helu karat, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka nui o ke gula ma ka ʻāpana o nā mea nani.

ʻO ka hapa nui o nā mea nani i hōʻailona ʻia me kona ʻano karat, ʻoiai ʻaʻole koi ʻia e ke kānāwai. Akā ma kahi kokoke i ka māka maikaʻi karat e loaʻa ka inoa o ka US. inoa inoa inoa o ka hui e kū ana ma hope o ka hōʻailona. Mai kūʻai i nā ʻāpana me ka hōʻailona ʻole ma kahi kokoke i ka māka maikaʻi karat.

He mea hoihoi loa ka ʻike ʻana i nā waiwai mystic o ke gula: ʻO ia kekahi o nā metala mua i ʻike ʻia e ke kanaka. Aia kekahi mau manawa i manaʻo ʻia ka ʻai ʻana i loko o kahi kīʻaha gula he kanikau o ka maluhia a me ka hoʻohiki ʻoiaʻiʻo ke lawelawe ʻia no ka ʻelele ʻohana ʻenemi. Ua maopopo ka ʻelele ʻaʻole i ʻona ka meaʻai no ka mea ʻaʻole hiki i ke gula ke hoʻopili me nā mea ʻawaʻawa.

Ma Helene kahiko a me Roma, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā disc gula me ke kiʻi o ke kanaka i kahakaha ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻohiwahiwa.

I ka wā kahiko, ua manaʻo ʻia kēia metala e hoʻōla i ka ʻeha o ka naʻau, ka ʻeha noʻonoʻo a me ka hilahila. Ua manaʻoʻiʻo ko mākou mau kupuna kāne hiki i ke gula ke hoʻoikaika i kou noʻonoʻo a me ka hana puʻuwai, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hoʻomanaʻo a hoʻāla i kou ʻano ʻuhane, inā ua hiamoe ia. A, ma ke ala, hoʻohana ʻia ke gula i ka lāʻau lapaʻau a hiki i kēia lā. Eia kekahi mau manaʻo kaulana loa e pili ana i ke gula:

- E paʻa i ke gula ma ka waha, e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ka hanu a hoʻōla i nā maʻi ʻāʻī.

- Inā i hou ʻia ka pepeiao me ka nila gula, ʻaʻole e pani ka puka.

-Inā he lei gula ko ke keiki, ʻaʻole ʻo ia e uē.

- Mālama ke gula mai ke kaumaha a ma ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke gula me ʻoe.

-ʻO ka ʻā ʻana o ka ʻāina puʻuwai me ke gula e hoʻōla i ka ʻeha puʻuwai.

ʻO ke gula ka hōʻailona o ke aloha a me ke kūpaʻa, no laila he mea kūpono nā mea gula no ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā mea aloha. Ma waho aʻe, he mea kupanaha ia no ka poʻe ʻelemakule e like me ka Sun metala, ʻo ke gula ke kumu hou o ka ikehu no lākou.

ʻO Silver Silver ka lua o ka metala kaulana loa ma hope o ke gula. Hoʻi ka mōʻaukala i ka wā kahiko o Byzantine, Phoenician a me ʻAigupita.

I ka wā kahiko, ʻo ke kālā kekahi o nā metala punahele a ka poʻe Alchemist, ʻo ka metala Moon ma muli o kona hopena ʻoluʻolu. Nui nā maʻi i hoʻōla ʻia me ka lāʻau i loaʻa ke kālā.

Ma kona ʻano maʻemaʻe, he palupalu ke kālā a ʻo ia ke kumu i hui pinepine ʻia me nā metala ʻē aʻe.

- ʻO ke kālā kālā e pili ana i 90% kālā maʻemaʻe me 10% metala.

- ʻO ke kālā Kelemania a i ʻole ke kālā nickel kahi hui o ka nickel, keleawe a me ka zinc.

- ʻO ke kālā Sterling he 92, 5% o ke kālā maʻemaʻe a me 7, 5% o ke keleawe. ʻO ke keleawe ka mea huila maikaʻi loa no ke kālā no ka mea e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka paʻakikī o ka metala me ka ʻole o ka hoʻopili ʻana i ke kala ʻālohilohi. Hōʻailona pinepine ʻia nā kāhiko kālā Sterling e like me sterling, sterling silver, ster, a i ʻole 925.

Malia paha ma muli o ka waiwai hoʻoluʻu kālā i manaʻo ʻia he metala kūpono e ʻaʻahu ai no ka poʻe nona nā hiʻohiʻona wikiwiki, ʻōlelo wikiwiki. Kōkua ke kālā e hoʻopau i ka makaʻu o ka lohi mau a me ka makaʻu i nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole o nā hana i hoʻolālā ʻia. A ʻo kekahi hōʻailona ʻē aʻe o ka poʻe ʻona kālā, ʻo ia ka niho ʻono.

Hoʻohana ʻia ke kālā ma ke ʻano he kūlana kuʻuna no nā pōhaku makamae, e hāʻawi iā lākou i kahi hiʻohiʻona maʻalahi me ka hele ʻole o luna. He makana kaulana i nā wāhine a me nā keiki nā kāhiko kālā. ʻO nā apo kālā paha, nā lei a me nā kaulahao a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea hoʻohiwahiwa a me nā pendants, he nani a nani hoʻi nā mea nani kālā. He pāʻani kūpono ia no ka lole o kēlā me kēia lā. Hiki i nā kāne ke hāʻawi ʻia i nā loulou cuff kālā a me nā apo hōʻailona. He hōʻailona ia o ka manaʻo aloha a i ʻole ka hoʻomanaʻo aloha. Ma ke ala, ʻike anei ʻoe i nā mea kālā i hoʻohana ʻia i kekahi manawa e loaʻa i kahi patina e like me ke kemika o ka mea e ʻaʻahu ana? E ho'āʻo me kekahi mea ʻē aʻe a kahaha ʻoe i ka ʻike ʻana i nā hopena like ʻole.