Umlando Wokuthuthukiswa Kobucwebe baseShayina

Ukuvela nokuthuthukiswa kwegolide nesiliva kuye kwabhekana nesigaba somlando omude. Igolide nesiliva enkathini ngayinye linokubaluleka okuqondile komlando namasiko. Ake silandelele eminyakeni yakudala, ukuze sithole ukuqonda okujwayelekile komgudu wentuthuko. I-China kuze kube manje ithole emivubukulweni yemivubukulo ukuthi imikhiqizo yokuqala yegolide ingasukela emuva ku-Shang Dynasty, eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-3000 edlule. Kusukela ezinsukwini zakudala, abantu baqala ukuphishekela ubuhle. Yingakho namuhla abantu abaningi kangaka benza ibhizinisi e. Ukuchuma nokuthuthukiswa kobungcweti ngethusi, ithusi lemibuso yakwaShang neZhou kubeke izinto eziqinile kanye nesisekelo sobuchwepheshe sezinto zegolide nezesiliva. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ithusi, imidwebo ye-jade, i-lacquer ware nayo ikhuthaza inqubekelaphambili yayo, okwenza imisebenzi yezandla yegolide neyesiliva idlale endaweni ebanzi kakhulu umsebenzi wobuhle ohlukahlukene. Iningi lemikhiqizo yezinsuku zokuqala zemihlobiso yegolide nesiliva, kuyilapho i-foil yegolide evamile, ikakhulukazi yokunquma noma ezinye izitsha zokuthuthukisa ubuhle bezinto ngendlela yenhlanganisela nezinye izinto zobuciko. E-Tang Dynasty, igolide nesiliva zenze intuthuko enkulu kakhulu. Imisebenzi eminingi yezandla ecwebezelayo necwebezelayo yegolide neyesiliva etholwe eshumini leminyaka esanda kwedlula ibe ngolunye lwezimpawu ezinhle, ezicwazimulayo zoBukhosi BamaTang obuphumelelayo nobuchumayo. Uma ubona inani elikhulu lemihlobiso yegolide nesiliva enesigaba esicebile, isitayela se-chic nokuma okuhle, uzocabanga ngesiko lama-Tang elinamandla nelihle kanye nobuhle bemvelo. Nakuba, labo bantu abathanda i-antique bathenga abaningi ukuze bakhe into yasendulo, kunzima ukufinyelela umphumela omuhle. Kubukhosi beNgoma, ngokuchuma kwedolobha elibusayo kanye nokuthuthukiswa komnotho wezimpahla, imboni yokukhiqiza igolide nesiliva yachuma. Ukwanda okuphawulekayo kobucwebe begolide nesiliva obudumile nakho kwaba isici esiyinhloko segolide nesiliva eNgomeni, futhi u-Yuan, uMing kanye nobukhosi bakwa-Qing, nabo baba nethonya elikhulu. Imisebenzi yezandla eNkathini Yobukhosi Bengoma yenze okusha okuhle ngesisekelo semikhiqizo ye-Tang, yakha isitayela esisha esinezici ezihlukile zezikhathi. Yize ingebuhle njengobucwebe be-Tang, nokho ibibuye ibe nesitayela esiyingqayizivele sokulula nobuhle. Ngesikhathi se-Ming ne-Qing Dynasty, ubuciko babuntekenteke kakhulu futhi bubuhle kakhulu. Bethonywe obunye ubuciko, inkolo namasiko, ubucwebe kule nkathi budonsa okuningi emazweni asentshonalanga; yilokhu kumuncwa kwezici zamasiko amaningi nezomsoco lapho igolide nesiliva ku-Qing Dynasty kwenza inqubo engakaze ibonwe, ngaleyo ndlela yethula umbono omangalisayo nonemibala engakaze ibonwe. Kuwo wonke umlando, inkathi ngayinye inesitayela sayo sobuciko esiyingqayizivele; lesi sitayela kokubili sibonisa ukwazi kobuhle baleyo nkathi futhi sibonisa umbono wengqondo wale nkathi.