Fumana ezona Jewellery ziGqwesileyo zamandulo eDubai

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo kunye neentlobo ze-turquoise apha e-US, apho uninzi lwayo lwembiwa emazantsi-ntshona-iArizona, California, Colorado, New Mexico kunye neNevada. Kwaye, kukho izizwe ezininzi zaseMelika eziyisebenzisayo ekwenzeni izacholo zesilivere- amaNavajo, amaZuni, namaHopi amaIndiya aziingcungela ekwenzeni izacholo zeturquoise nezesilivere. Bafunda ubuchule babo bokuchwela isilivere kwizizwe zomthonyama waseMexico xa babethengisa ngeegusha neenkomo zabo ukuze bafumane imiyalelo yokuluka isilivere. Namhlanje, abantu bethu bomthonyama baseMelika benza ubucwebe obuhle besilivere obuhonjiswe ngamatye anqabileyo aluhlaza, abafunde ukwenza ukusuka kwizizukulwana ezidlulileyo.

I-Turquoise i-opaque, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ukuya kwiminerali eluhlaza eyi-hydrous pohosphate yobhedu kunye ne-aluminiyam. Indlela yayo yeekhemikhali yi-CUAle (PO4) 4 (OH) 8 * 4H2O. Igama elithi turquoise livela kwi-Old French ngenkulungwane ye-16 kwaye lithetha "isiTurkey" kuba izimbiwa zaqala ukuziswa eYurophu zivela eTurkey kodwa zavela kwimigodi ye-turquoise ePersi, eyi-Iran yanamhlanje. I-Turquoise nayo yombiwa e-China kwaye i-turquoise evela kuzo zombini ezi ndawo ithandwa kakhulu kwi-jewely namhlanje. Ndikhe ndakhetha ubucwebe be-turquoise obenziwe ngabemi bomthonyama baseMelika, nangona ndinxibe i-turquoise yaseTshayina.

Umbala we-turquoise uyahluka ukusuka kumhlophe ukuya kumgubo oluhlaza, ukuya kwisibhakabhaka esibhakabhakeni kunye nokuluhlaza-luhlaza ukuya kumbala otyheli-luhlaza. Okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kubalelwa kubhedu lwe-idiochromatic kwaye uluhlaza kukholelwa ukuba sisiphumo sokungcola kwentsimbi okanye ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni kwegem. I-Turquoise inokuthi ifakwe iiflekhi zepyrite okanye ifakwe kwi-limonite veining emnyama, enesigcawu.

I-Turquoise yiminerali yesibini evela kubhedu. Ubhedu luvela kwi-chalcopyrite, i-malachite okanye i-azurite.

I-Aluminium ivela kwi-feldspar kunye ne-phosphorus ivela kwi-apatite.

Ke ngoko, i-turquoise isuka kwintwana yazo zonke ezi zimbiwa ukwenza into yayo. Imozulu ikwadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekwenzeni i-turquoise gem njengoko iqhele ukufumaneka kwimimandla ebharhileyo, izalise okanye ifake imingxuma kunye nokwaphuka kumatye entaba-mlilo atshintshe kakhulu. I-Turquoise yenzeka njenge vein okanye i-seam fillings kwaye njengama-compact nuggets ubukhulu becala buncinci ngobukhulu.

I-Turquoise yayiyenye yezinto ezinqabileyo zokuqala ezembiwa apha eU.S. Uninzi lwembali yaseU.S. imigodi sele iphelile, kodwa eminye isasetyenzwa nanamhlanje. Ngokuqhelekileyo zisasetyenzwa ngesandla kungekho matshini namhlanje. Ngokuqhelekileyo i-turquoise ifunyanwa njengemveliso yemisebenzi emikhulu yemigodi yobhedu e-U.S.

Namhlanje, iArizona ngoyena mvelisi ubalulekileyo we-turquoise gem ngexabiso. Imigodi emininzi ebalulekileyo evelisa i-turquoise ekwilizwe yi-Sleeping Beauty Mine e-Globe, e-Arizona nase-Kingman Mine e-Kingman, e-Arizona. INevada lelinye ilizwe elingumvelisi omkhulu weturquoise. Kukho malunga nemigodi ye-120 evelise izixa ezibalulekileyo ze-turquoise. Abavelisi abaziintloko beturquoise eNevada ziingingqi zeLander kunye ne-Esmeralda.

Abantu bomthonyama baseMelika kunye nokwenza ubucwebe beTurquoise namhlanje, ukwenza ubucwebe baseMelika baseMelika, kusetyenziswa ilitye elinqabileyo le-turquoise, kuchazwa njengesihombiso somntu kunye nezixhobo ezenziwe ngabantu bomthonyama baseU.S. Ubucwebe besilivere kunye ne-turquoise bubonisa iyantlukwano yenkcubeko kunye nembali yezizwe zaseMelika zaseMelika apha eU.S. Kuhlala, nanamhlanje, ingxelo enkulu yesazisi sohlanga kunye nomntu ngamnye kwi-Indian silver smithers, abakhandi bentsimbi, iibeaders, abakroli, kunye ne-lapidaries zidibanisa iindidi zesinyithi, amatye anqabileyo anqabileyo kunye ne-semi-precious kunye nezinye izinto zokwenza ubucwebe. Ubucwebe bexesha langoku boMthonyama baseMelika bunokwenziwa ukusuka kumatye enziwe ngesandla kunye nokucutshungulwa kunye namaqokobhe ukuya kwizinto ezenziwe ngekhompyuter kunye nobucwebe be-titanium. Ndikhetha amaqhekeza enziwe ngesandla enziwe ngeturquoise kunye nesilivere enziwe ngamaNavajo, amaHopi namaZuni ahlala kumzantsi ntshona weU.S.

Ukusebenza kwesilivere kunye nokusebenza kwesilivere kwamkelwa ngamagcisa omthonyama akumzantsi-ntshona kwaqala ngeminyaka yoo-1850s xa abakhandi besilivere baseMexico kwafuneka bathengise ngesilivere ngolwazi lwabo lweenkomo kumaIndiya angamaNavajo eU.S. AmaIndiya angamaZuni afunda ukwenza isilivere kumaNavajo yaye ngowe-1890 amaZuni aye afundisa amaHopi ukwenza izacholo zesilivere.

Abantu baseDine okanye amaNavajo baqala ukusebenza ngesilivere ngenkulungwane ye-19. Ngo-l853, uAtsidi Sani wayengumkhandi wesilivere wokuqala waseNavajo kwaye wafunda izakhono zakhe kumkhandi wesilivere waseMexico kwaye ngo-1880 i-turquoise yokuqala yayisaziwa njengeseti yesilivere. Njengoko ixesha lihamba, i-turquoise yafumaneka lula kwaye isetyenziswa kwizacholo zesilivere zaseNavajo. Namhlanje, i-turquoise inxulunyaniswe ngokusondeleyo nokwenza ubucwebe besilivere beNavajo.

Ukwenziwa kwezacholo zesilivere zaziswa kumaMelika omthonyama eZuni Pueblo ngenkulungwane ye-19. Namhlanje, ukwenza isilivere kunye ne-turquoise ekwenzeni ubucwebe njengoko bekusoloko kusetyenziswa kwingingqi yaseZuni. Basebenzisa i-turquoise kunye ne-jet, i-argillite, i-steatite, i-red shale, iqokobhe leclam yamanzi ahlaziyekileyo, i-abalone kunye ne-spiny oyster ekwenzeni kwabo ubucwebe.

UKineshde, umkhandi wesilivere waseZuni ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yee-1890 unikwa ikhredithi ngokudibanisa isilivere kunye ne-turquoise kwizacholo zakhe. Amatye anqabileyo aseZuni ngokukhawuleza aziwa ngomsebenzi wawo we-turquoise.

Iingcibi zesilivere zaseHopi zaseIndiya ziyaziwa namhlanje ngobuchule bazo bokwaleka obusetyenziswa kuyilo lwezacholo zesilivere. WWII Hopi amagqala amaIndiya, ngokusebenzisa iU.S. Isebe lezangaphakathi, lifunde ukusika, ukucola nokupholisha, ukucofa isitampu kunye nokuphosa isanti yoyilo lweHopi olunesitayile lobucwebe.

UVictor Coochwytewa, uqatshelwa njengeyona jeweler entsha yokulungelelanisa ubuchule bokwaleka kubucwebe beHopi. UCoochwytewa, kunye noPaul Saufkie kunye noFred Kabotie, baququzelele iHopi Silvercraft Cooperative Guild yasekuqaleni kwiHopi Indian Tribe.

Ukwaleka kwakhiwe ngemigangatho emibini yamaphepha esilivere. Iphepha elinye linoyilo olukroliweyo kwaye emva koko lidityaniswe kwiphepha lesibini elinemizobo esikiweyo. Imvelaphi yenziwa mnyama nge-oxidation kwaye umaleko ongaphezulu ukhazimlisiwe apho umaleko ongezantsi wesilivere uvumelekile ukuba ube yi-oxidize. Umaleko ongaphezulu ongena-oxidized wenziwa uyilo olusikiweyo, oluvumela umaleko osezantsi omnyama ukuba ubonakale. Ndinethamsanqa ukuba nesacholo sekhafu yesilivere yeHopi eyenziwe ngolu qweqwe lwesilivere kwaye bubuhle bobugcisa baseHopi baseIndiya.

Okumangalisayo kukuba, ngaphandle kohambo lwam lokuya eColorado kwiminyaka yam yokuqala yama-20, andizange ndiye emzantsi-ntshona ndikhangela izacholo zamaIndiya aseMerika. Ndinethamsanqa ukuba nevenkile enkulu eyiyo yoMthonyama waseMelika yaseMelika yobuGcisa izacholo kanye apha eNaples. FL. Iziqwenga ezininzi zokugqibela endizithengileyo bezivela kule venkile yaseNaples, ke khange kufuneke ndihambe kude ngeyona ndlela. Umphathi wegalari, uLisa Milburn, ungumthengi obekekileyo weNavajo, iHopi, kunye nezacholo zezacholo zaseZuni, kwaye uzisa kuthi apha eNaples. Unenye ivenkile eHighlands, NC, ngokunjalo. Ukuba unomdla, ungaqhagamshelana naye ku:

Ukhozi lweSilver 651 Fifth Ave. South Naples, FL 239-403-3033 okanye Silver Ukhozi PO Box 422 468 Main St.

Highlands, NC 28741 828-526-5190 Ndiyazi ukuba ukutyhubela iminyaka, abantu bomthonyama baseMelika baye bafumana "rap embi" kwaye baye bahluthwa kwi-casinos yokungcakaza kunye neengxaki zotywala kunye neziyobisi. Kodwa, kummandla wokwenziwa kwesilivere kunye nokwenza izacholo zeturquoise, amaIndiya aseMerika angoompondo zihlanjiwe kubugcisa. Bachithe iiyure ezininzi befunda kwaye beluphucula urhwebo lwabo. Kwaye, amaIndiya aseMelika aseMelika adume ngokwenza ubucwebe babo obuhle nobuyilayo. Ukwenza kwabo izacholo kumela okona kulungileyo kubo, inkcubeko yabo kunye nokuphakama okukhulu amaIndiya aseMelika aseMelika anokufikelela kuwo. Bafanele ukunconywa ngokuyila kwabo, intsusa kunye neeyure ezibuhlungu kwiiyure ezithathayo ukwenza indalo yabo ethandekayo. Ndiyathemba ukuba uzokonwabela ubucwebe be-turquoise kunye nesilivere njengoko ndinayo, kwaye kwangaxeshanye, ube nenkumbulo entle eyenziwe lilizwe lethu lemveli. izacholo zesilivere ezenziwe ngamaIndiya aseMelika aseMelika.

Hlaziya:

Kutshanje ndifudukele eTaos, eNew Mexico kwaye ndikwizulu elifurquoise apha. Abemi baseMelika basepueblo apha benza isilivere entle kunye ne-turquoise ehonjisiweyo yayo yonke imibala kwizacholo zabo apha. Intle. Ngoku, ndingandwendwela izizwe zaseMelika zaseMelika kunye neengcibi zesilivere ezithile endizikhankanya kweli nqaku. Khangela amanqaku angaphezulu kwesi sihloko.