Isizathu Sokuba Iinkwenkwezi Zenzela Imixholo yeMfundo enomdla

Iinkwenkwezi njengeSango kwi-Astronomy

Kootitshala, amaqela eenkwenkwezi sisiqalo esifanelekileyo sokufundisa ngeenkwenkwezi. Zibonelela ngendlela ebambekayo yokwazisa iikhonsepthi ezintsonkothileyo ezinje ngolungelelwaniso lwesibhakabhaka, umjikelo wobomi beenkwenkwezi, kunye nobukhulu bendawo. Ngokufunda ukuchonga amakroza, abafundi bafumana ulwazi olusisiseko ngesibhakabhaka ebusuku, kubandakanywa indlela ukujikeleza koMhlaba kunye nokujikeleza okudala utshintsho lwamaxesha onyaka kwiinkwenkwezi ezibonakalayo.

Khawucinge ngeOrion, elinye lawona makroza aziwayo, elibhanti layo elibalaseleyo leenkwenkwezi ezintathu linokukhokelela kwingxubusho engokuyilwa kweenkwenkwezi ezingaphakathi kwinebula, njengeOrion Nebula. Abafundisi-ntsapho banokusebenzisa iOrion ukuchaza ubukhulu obubonakalayo (isizathu sokuba ezinye iinkwenkwezi zikhazimle ngakumbi kunezinye) kunye neparallax (indlela izazi ngeenkwenkwezi eziwulinganisa ngayo umgama ukuya kwiinkwenkwezi ezikufutshane). Ngokufanayo, iqela leenkwenkwezi i-Ursa Major, equlethe iDipper Enkulu, inika isifundo esisebenzisekayo ekufumaneni iPolaris, iNkwenkwezi eseMntla, ngokwandisa umgca wentelekelelo ngeenkwenkwezi zayo ezikhombayo. Le misebenzi ijika iikhonsepthi ezingabonakaliyo zibe ngamathuba okufunda ngezandla.

Ngaphezu koko, amakroza anceda ekunciphiseni ubukhulu bendalo. Ngelixa iinkwenkwezi ngaphakathi kwekroza zibonakala zisondelelene ukusuka eMhlabeni, zihlala zilele kumgama owahluke kakhulu. Lo mbhinqo ukhuthaza ukucinga okunzulu malunga nembono kunye nesakhiwo esine-dimensional emithathu yendawo. Usetyenziso kunye nesoftware yeplanetarium, efana neStellarium okanye iGoogle Sky, ivumela abafundi ukuba babone le migama ngamandla, besenza nzulu ukuqonda kwabo ngejografi yecosmic.

Intsomi kunye Namabali eNkcubeko Abhalwe Kwiinkwenkwezi

Ngaphandle kwenzululwazi, amakroza avula iingcango kubutyebi bentsomi yabantu kunye nembali yenkcubeko. Yonke impucuko idibanise amabali ayo ezinkwenkwezini, ebonisa izinto ezixabisekileyo, uloyiko, kunye neminqweno. Kwiintsomi zamaGrike, i-constellation Perseus ikhumbuza iqhawe elahlangula i-Andromeda kwi-monster yaselwandle, ngelixa abantu baseNavajo baseNyakatho Melika badibanisa umzekelo weenkwenkwezi kunye ne-First Slender One, umntu ongokomoya odibene nokulinganisela kunye nokuvisisana.

Ukuphonononga la mabali kukhuthaza ukufunda nokubhala ngokwenkcubeko novelwano. Abafundi banokuthelekisa indlela uluntu olwahlukileyo olutolika ngayo iipateni zeenkwenkwezi ezifanayo, umzekelo, ikroza loMhlaza (iCrab) ibambe ukubaluleka kuzo zombini iintsomi zamaGrike malunga neHercules kunye nokuvumisa ngeenkwenkwezi kwamaTshayina njengophawu lwethamsanqa. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, banokuhlolisisa amakroza akhethekileyo angekhoyo kwizithethe zaseNtshona, njengeEmu esibhakabhakeni seAstronomy yaseOstreliya yaseOstreliya, eyilwe ziinebula ezimnyama kuneenkwenkwezi eziqaqambileyo. Lo mahluko ucela umngeni kwimbono ye-Eurocentric ye-astronomy kwaye iqaqambisa iyantlukwano yeengcinga zabantu.

I-Mythology ikwabonelela ngesiseko sokubhala ngokuyilayo kunye neeprojekthi zobugcisa. Abafundi banokuqamba awabo amakroza, benze amabali ukuchaza imvelaphi yabo, okanye baphinde benze iimephu zeenkwenkwezi zakudala besebenzisa iimpawu zemveli. Imisebenzi enjalo idibanisa i-STEM nabantu, ikhulisa izakhono zokuhlalutya kunye nezobugcisa.

Iinkwekwezi njengeZixhobo zokuHamba kunye nokuGcina ixesha

Ngaphambi kweGPS kunye neewotshi zoomatshini, amakroza ayebalulekile ukuze umntu aphile. Amafama amandulo ayesebenzisa i-heliacal rising ye-Sirius (ukubonakala kwayo okokuqala esibhakabhakeni) ukuqikelela izandyondyo zeNayile zonyaka, ngoxa abantu basePolynesia babehamba amawaka eekhilomitha kulwandlekazi oluvulekileyo ngokucengceleza iindlela zeenkwenkwezi. Ukufundisa ezi zenzo kunika ingqiqo kubuchule bemibutho yangaphambi kwamashishini kunye nokusetyenziswa okubonakalayo kwe-astronomy.

Kwigumbi lokufundela, abafundi banokuphinda-phinda iindlela zakudala zokukhangela besebenzisa iitshathi zeenkwenkwezi kunye ne-sextant (okanye i-analogues eyenziwe lula) ukulinganisa i-engile ye-Polaris ngaphezu kwe-horizon, imisela i-latitude. Lo msebenzi udibanisa imbali, ijografi, kunye nemathematika, ebonisa indlela uqeqesho lwe-STEM oludibana ngayo ekusombululeni iingxaki zehlabathi lokwenyani. Ngokunjalo, iingxoxo malunga namakroza eenkwenkwezi13 alele ecaleni kwe-ecliptic (indlela ecacileyo yelanga) inokukhokelela kwizifundo kwi-Earth axial tilt, i-precession of the equinoxes, kunye nomahluko phakathi kokuvumisa ngeenkwenkwezi kunye ne-astronomy.

Ukugcinwa kwexesha yenye i-engile enyanzelisayo. Umhla weeyure ezingama-24 kunye nonyaka weenyanga ezili-12 zimiliselwe kumjikelo wesibhakabhaka, kwaye amakroza afana nePleiades (Abadade abaSixhenxe) baphawule utshintsho lwamaxesha onyaka kwiinkcubeko. Ngokomzekelo, amaMaori aseNew Zealand aqala unyaka wawo omtsha xa iPleiades ivuka ngaphambi nje kokusa ekupheleni kukaMeyi okanye ekuqaleni kukaJuni. Ngokufunda ezi zithethe, abafundi bayayixabisa indlela i-astronomy eyenze ngayo uluntu kwakudala ngaphambi kwexesha langoku.

Amaqela eenkwenkwezi kuNcwadi, ubugcisa, kunye neNkcubeko edumileyo

Impembelelo yamakroza inabela ngaphaya kwenzululwazi nembali; zigcwele uncwadi, ubugcisa kunye namajelo eendaba. UShakespeare ubhekisele kubathandi abawela iinkwenkwezi zeRomeo noJuliet, ngelixa uVan Goghs ejikeleza uBusuku beNkwekwezi engafiyo amazulu ngeseyile. Iifilimu zanamhlanje ezifana Moana bhiyozela ukuhamba kweenkwenkwezi zasePolynesia, kwaye iinoveli zenzululwazi zihlala zisebenzisa amaqela eenkwenkwezi njengeendawo ezingasemva zohambo lweenkwenkwezi.

Ukudibanisa ezi mbekiselo kwimfundo kunokwenza amaqela eenkwenkwezi azive efanelekile kubomi babafundi. Iklasi yoncwadi inokuhlalutya indlela umbongo kaEmily Dickinsons othi Inkwenkwezi isebenzisa ngayo imifanekiso yasezulwini ukujonga imixholo yokuzahlula, ngelixa ikhosi yezifundo zosasazo inokuphonononga indlela iHollywood ebonisa ngayo amakroza kwiifilimu ezifana INkosana encinci okanye Abagadi beGalaxy . Abafundi bezobugcisa banokwenza iimephu zabo zeenkwenkwezi eziphefumlelwe ngamatshathi aphakathi okanye eRenaissance, ukudibanisa imbali kunye nobuchule.

Oku kudluliselwa kwezimvo kukhuthaza abafundi ukuba babone unxibelelwano phakathi kwemimandla ebonakala ngathi yahlukile. Ngokomzekelo, ingxubusho kaDantes Comedy kaThixo ebumba indalo yonke ibe yingqukuva yesibhakabhaka inokunxulumanisa inzululwazi ngeenkwenkwezi nezakwalizwi nefilosofi, ibonisa indlela iimbono zehlabathi eziyilolonga ngayo ukuqonda kwenzululwazi.

Ukubandakanya Abafundi Ngokufunda Ngezandla

Elinye lawona mandla makhulu eenkwenkwezi njengezixhobo zokufundisa ngamandla awo okufunda ngamava. Ngokungafaniyo nee-equations okanye imizobo yeencwadi zezifundo, amaqela eenkwenkwezi amema abafundi ukuba bajonge, baphonononge, kwaye basebenzisane nehlabathi elibangqongileyo.

Iiprojekthi zokujonga iinkwenkwezi, ezinjengokuququzelela uqwalaselo lwasebusuku kusetyenziswa iiteleskopu okanye iibinotyhulas kunye nee-apps ezifana ne-SkySafari okanye iSibhakabhaka sasebusuku, zinokunceda abafundi bachonge iinkwenkwezi ngexesha lokwenyani. Nakwimimandla yasezidolophini enongcoliseko olukhanyayo, uhambo oluya kwipaki yesibhakabhaka emnyama lunokuguqula iingqiqo ezingabonakaliyo zibe ngamava abambekayo.

Iitshathi zeenkwenkwezi ze-DIY, apho abafundi baceba amakroza ephepheni okanye ngesoftware, babethelela ukuqiqa ngokwesithuba kwaye bafundise ngolungelelwaniso lweenkqubo. Izabelo zophando lwenkcubeko, ezinjengokucela abafundi ukuba baphande ngokubaluleka kwamakroza kwinkcubeko ethile kwaye babonise oko bakufumanisileyo ngezincoko, iipowusta, okanye imiboniso yedijithali, ukukhuthaza ulwazi lwenkcubeko. Iingcebiso zokubhala ngokuyilayo, njengemingeni yokuyila intsomi echaza imvelaphi yekroza elingaziwa kangako okanye ucinge ngokutsha ngebali lakudala kwimeko yangoku, dibanisa imbali kunye nobuchule.

Imingeni ye-STEM, njengokwakha imodeli yeqela leenkwenkwezi ukusuka kwizinto ezikhanyayo-ezimnyama okanye ukucwangcisa irobhothi ukuhamba kusetyenziswa iipateni zeenkwenkwezi, ukulungiselela iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokufunda kunye nokugxininisa intsebenziswano, njengoko abafundi besebenza ngamaqela. Le misebenzi ibonisa indlela uqeqesho lwe-STEM oludibana ngayo ekusombululeni iingxaki zehlabathi lokwenyani.

Iinkwenkwezi kunye neKlasi yale mihla

Kwixesha elilawulwa yitekhnoloji, amaqela eenkwenkwezi ahlala efanelekile ngokumangalisayo. Banikezela ngexabiso eliphantsi, indlela enempembelelo ephezulu yokubandakanya abafundi abanezifundo ze-STEM. Umzekelo, iNASAs Eyes kwiSolar System software ivumela abasebenzisi ukuba baphonononge isibhakabhaka ebusuku nakweyiphi na indawo kwimbali, ngelixa iiprojekthi zesayensi zabemi ezifana neZooniverse zimema abafundi ukuba bahlele iinkwenkwezi okanye bafumane amakroza amatsha.

Ngaphezu koko, amaqela eenkwenkwezi anokubangela iingxoxo ngemiba yale mihla. Ingxoxo-mpikiswano ngamalungelo athiywa emajukujukwini ngubani othiywe izinto zasezulwini iqaqambisa ukubandakanywa kwenkcubeko kwinzululwazi. Ngokufanayo, impembelelo yongcoliseko lokukhanya ekukwazini kwethu ukubona iinkwenkwezi zibophelela kwimfundo yokusingqongileyo, ukukhuthaza abafundi ukuba bathethelele izenzo zokukhanyisa ezizinzileyo.

Kubafundi abancinci, amakroza anika isiseko sokucinga nzulu. Ukuqonda iipateni, ukubuza imibuzo eqikelelwayo (umz., Ngaba iinkwenkwezi kwikroza zibumba ngenene imilo?), kunye nokwahlula phakathi kwenyaniso yenzululwazi kunye nentsomi zizakhono ezibalulekileyo. Ngeli xesha, abafundi abahambele phambili banokuhlola indlela asetyenziswa ngayo amakroza kwiastrophysics yale mihla, njengokulandelela intshukumo yeminyele xa ithelekiswa neMilky Way.

ILifa eliZimayo leNkwenkwezi

Amakroza anyamezela njengomxholo wemfundo kuba athetha ngezinto ezimbini ezisisiseko zobuntu: umnqweno wethu wokuqonda indalo kunye nesidingo sethu sokubalisa amabali. Zisikhumbuza ukuba inzululwazi kunye nentelekelelo ayizozinto ezichaseneyo kodwa ziyindlela ehambelanayo yokuhlola into engaziwayo. Nokuba bafunda ngefiziksi ye-supernovae kwikroza leCassiopeia okanye ukubalisa kwakhona ibali lokuhlangulwa kweAndromedas nguPerseus, abafundi bazibandakanya neengcinga ezithe zatsala uluntu kwinkulungwane yeminyaka.

Njengoko silungiselela abafundi ikamva elibunjwe yitekhnoloji kunye nokudityaniswa kwehlabathi, amaqela eenkwenkwezi abonelela ngembono esisiseko. Zifundisa ukuthobeka xa sijamelene nobukhulu bendalo iphela yaye zisenza soyike kubuchule bethu bokutyhila iimfihlelo zayo. Kumagumbi okufundela kunye neeplanethi, iiyadi zasemva kunye namagumbi ebhodi, iinkwenkwezi zihlala zilulwimi oluqhelekileyo oludlula imida kunye neepochs.

Ukuqukumbela

Ukusuka koomatiloshe bamandulo ukuya koosomajukujuku bale mihla, amakroza akhokele uluntu ekuhambeni kwexesha nakwindawo. Ukuguquguquka kwabo njengezixhobo zemfundo kulele ekukwazini kwabo ukudibanisa isayensi, inkcubeko, imbali, kunye nobugcisa kwingxelo edibeneyo, ebandakanyayo. Ngokufundisa amakroza, abafundisi-ntsapho benza okungakumbi kunokwabelana nje ngezibakala ngeenkwenkwezi; bahlakulela umdla wokufun’ ukwazi, ukucinga ngokucokisekileyo, nemvo yokumangaliswa. Kwihlabathi eliya liqhawuka ngakumbi kwihlabathi lendalo, iinkwenkwezi zisikhumbuza ngelifa lethu esabelana ngalo kunye namathuba angenasiphelo. Ngoko kwixesha elizayo xa ujonga esibhakabhakeni ebusuku, khumbula: loo machaphaza abengezela ngaphezu nje starstheyre amasango kulwazi, ukuyila, kunye noqhagamshelwano.