Litaemane Hase ka ho sa Feleng

Mabenyane a benyang a benyang ho tsoa mekotleng e majabajaba ea velvet ka mabenyane a khutsitseng

mabenkele a etsa hore ho be bonolo ho lebala hore tse ling tsa matšoao ana a lerato le

katleho e simolohile linaheng tse hōle, tse ka hare ho mobu oa likhohlano.

Ha ho molaong United States ho lahla mobu o motle

lintho tse entsoeng ka tšepe tse bitsoang "tailings" litseleng tsa metsi. Empa lehakoe

mesebetsi ea merafo ka ntle ho U.S. maliboho ha a tlas'a se tšoanang

melao, leha e tsamaisoa ke lik'hamphani tsa Amerika kapa thepa ea bona e rekoa ke

U.S. bareki. Tlhokahalo e kholo e hloka merafo e kholo, e

e kenyelletsa palo e kholo ea sedimentation le mehatla e oelang ho eona

tsamaiso ea metsi lefatšeng ka bophara. Mercury le cyanide li ne li sebelisoa ho arohana

khauta le koporo tse tsoang lefikeng le tsona li kena metsing a ka tlas'a lefatše. The

bahlaseluoa ba mesebetsi ena ea merafo ka kakaretso ke liphoofolo tse hlaha tsa lehae le

matsoalloa a lulang libakeng tse nang le lisebelisoa tse ngata.

Mohlala, New Orleans-based Freeport-McMoRan e ile ea qosoa ka 1996 ke

baeta-pele ba matsoalloa a Papua New Guinea bakeng sa ho lahla lithane tse 80,000 tsa mine

ho kena tsamaisong ea noka ea lehae letsatsi le letsatsi. Freeport's

bahlahlobi ba tikoloho, Dames le Moore, ba re merero ea ho atolosa

Mesebetsi ea merafo ea Freeport Indonesia e ka "eketsa eona

ho lahlela mesela e sa sebetsoang ho lithane tse 285,000 ka letsatsi.

Khoebo ea litaemane Angola, Sri Lanka, Sierra Leone le

Democratic Republic of the Congo e fetohile e 'ngoe ea mehloli e meholohali

ea likhohlano tsa kahare le tikoloho libakeng tseo. Ho ea ka

Africa Policy Information Center, marabele a Angola a entse chelete e hakanyetsoang ho $3.7

limilione tse likete li rekisitsoe litaemane pakeng tsa 1992 le 1998 ho tšehetsa boiteko ba bona ba ntoa

khahlanong le 'muso oa Angola. Ho fihlela ntoa e felile, ho qobella

mekhoa ea merafo e hlokomelang tikoloho e tla tsoela pele ho behoa

secheseng se ka morao. Ho sa le joalo, linōka tse khelohileng li etsa hore batho ba

qhaqha, matangoana a phunyang a senya libaka tse kholo tsa naha, le

metsi a silafetseng a bakile maloetse metseng ea merafo, sebakeng sa heno

metse le liphoofolo tse hlaha.

Leha ho le joalo, ho rafa mabenyane ha ho senya ka tlhaho. Batho

esale ba fumana mahakoe le liminerale tsa bohlokoa ka makholo a lilemo ka ho kenella ka hare

linōka ka litšenyehelo tse fokolang tsa tikoloho. Ho na le "theme".

lirapeng tsa boikhathollo" tse hasaneng hohle Amerika tse u lumellang "ho ba oa hau

mahakoe."

Lerato la rona le lejoe le hira batho ba likete ho

Linaha tsa khoebo ea mahakoe tse kang Namibia le Afrika Boroa, ho matlafatsa bona

moruo. Boholo ba mesebetsi ea merafo U.S. le linaha tse ling li na le

melawana e batsi e hlokang ditekolo tsa tikoloho le mobu

merero ea tsosoloso. Meepo e lebeletsoe hore e nahane hore na mesebetsi ea eona e

e tla ama litlhapi tsa tlhaho le liphoofolo tse hlaha, hammoho le ho latela melao

mabapi le tshireletso ya moya le metsi, ho lahla matlakala le ho tshwara

disebediswa tse kotsi. Naheng ea U.S., melao ea tokiso ea naha e hloka

ho hloekisoa ha limela, ho hloekisa sebaka le ho sireletsa metsi a ka holimo le a fatše.

Empa khoebo ea mabenyane ke tsamaiso ea lefats'e, e kopanyang ea ba rekang kantle ho naha

le barekisi ba kantle, basebetsi ba merafong le ba sehang, bareki le barekisi. Ka no

naha-of-original labeling tsamaiso, bareki ka mohla bonnete ba hore na ba bona

mabenyane a tsoa mohloling o ikarabellang kapa eo merafo e tšehelitsoeng ka lichelete a

ntoa ea lehae, cyanide e luletseng metsing a ka tlas'a lefatše kapa matsoalloa a sebelisoang hampe

batho bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa bona.

Mabenyane a se Nang Molato

Tloaelo ea litaemane le khauta, haholo-holo bakeng sa lenyalo le

mehele ea boitlamo, e kenelletse ka thata moetlong oa rona, empa re ka khabisa

rona re sebelisa mekhoa e meng e tšoarellang haholoanyane tikolohong. Haeba e

monahano oa "eco-mabenyane" tlisa lipono tsa setsoalle

lipetja tse entsoeng ka k'hothone ea tlhaho kapa lihekthere tsa lifaha tsa hemp, ha ho mohla

tšabo - baetsi ba litšoantšo le baqapi ba bangata ba sebelisa lisebelisoa tse nchafalitsoeng ho etsa

botaki bo aparoang bo shebahalang joalo ka ntho e se nang thuso.

Simon Harrison Designs e thehiloeng Australia e etsa khetho e pharaletseng ea

mabenyane a entsoeng ka khalase e tsosolositsoeng, lifaha tsa kokonate le likhalase tse entsoeng ka letsoho

lifaha. Mebala, ha ho makatse, ke e sebelisoang ka ho fetisisa

libotlolo: amber, mohloaare, tala, jade, e hlakileng le e putsoa. Khampani e fana ka

liphesente tse peli tsa thekiso ea eona ho letlole le fanang ka raese le tse ling

litlhoko tsa sechaba sa Philippines. Sebapali se seng ho

recycled glass jewelry maraka ke Jody Freij-Tonder. O sebelisa libotlolo,

linkho, lifensetere le likhalase tse silafalitsoeng bakeng sa mohala oa hae oa masale (lipara tse tharo

ka $25) e rekisoang ka Blue Skies Glassworks. Junk to Jewels e fetoha ea khale

lifaha, likarolo tsa elektroniki le tsa libaesekele ho etsa mabenyane a matle ka mokhoa o makatsang: A

boto ea potoloho e fetoha pendant ($ 30); terata ea motlakase le lehong le leputsoa

lifaha li etsa boikaketsi ba sefaha sa turquoise ($18).

Baetsi ba Eco-Artware.com le bona ba fana ka mefuta e mengata e fapaneng ea recycled,

lisebelisoa tse sebelisoang hape le tsa tlhaho. Sebakeng sa eona sa mabenkele sa marang-rang, u tla se fumana

lithakhisa ($22 ho isa ho $32) tse entsoeng ka liaparo tsa khale tsa Mardi Gras, mese ea bolo le

likhoele tse tsoang ho li-TV tse robehileng. Litokollo tsa khale tsa makasine ea Vogue li fumana ea bobeli

bophelo ba feshene ka mabenyane a lifaha tsa pampiri ($12 ho ea ho $28) tse entsoeng ke Louisa le

Yongwoo Kim.

Bakeng sa mabenyane a nang le boikarabelo sechabeng, nahana ka Global Marketplace,

e thusang litsebi tsa mesebetsi ea matsoho tse futsanehileng hore li phahamele maemo a bofutsana. Lefatšeng ka bophara

Marketplace e itlhalosa e le "sechaba se se nang phaello, se tlase

mokhatlo oa nts'etsopele." Litho tsa Khoebo ea Co-op America

Marang-rang le Fair Trade Federation, khampani e khutlisa boholo ba

theko ea thekiso ka hohle kamoo ho ka khonehang ho baetsi ba litšoantšo ba moo. Ka mohlala, ho reka

ea lifaha tsa ceramic tsa Haiti ($7.50 e le 'ngoe) li thusa ho tšehetsa basali ba Haiti

ya entseng thepa ka matsoho. Global Marketplace e boetse e fana ka lifaha, majoe,

koporo, hematite, hemp, pewter, ceramic le silevera likhetho.

Le haeba, bakeng sa lōna, ho sa na le sebaka sa khauta le mahakoe,

lik'hamphani tse ling li etsa bonnete ba hore batho le tikoloho ho tloha moo bona

mabenyane a tla ba hlomphuoa. Feme e 'ngoe e joalo ke Snooty Jewelry. Khamphani

ha e sebelise lihlahisoa tsa liphoofolo (letlalo, liperela, khetla, lesapo) meralong ea eona,

e sebelisa liperesente tse 100 tsa litšila tsa morao-rao le li-inks tse thehiloeng ho soya ka har'a liphutheloana,

’me karolo ea 10 lekholong ea phaello ea eona e ea liphoofolong, bathong le tikolohong

lihlopha tsa boiketlo. Khetho e pharaletseng ea silevera e ntle ea Snooty Jewelry

le masale a khauta a 14-karat, lifaha le lipetja li fumaneha ka

mahakoe a kang amythest, garnet, jade, safire le emeralde ($5 ho isa ho $80).

EnviroWatch e boetse e fana ka mohala oa masale a silevera a boleng bo holimo

($35) le lipetja ($50) tse bontšang li-dolphin, lishaka, likolopata, manatee

le litlou. Lithekiso tsa mabenyane li thusa EnviroWatch boitekong ba eona ba ho thibela

ho fokotsa mapheo a lishaka, ho fokotsa litlamorao tsa botšoasi ba litlhapi ho mefuta e sirelelitsoeng le

tšehetsa merero ea toka ea tikoloho. KHOATSOA: Blue Skies Glassworks,

(800)388-8698, www.lakenet .com/glass4mj; Eco-Artware.com, (877)

326-2781, www.eco-artware.com; EnviroWatch, www.envirowatch.org/jewelry

.htm; Mmaraka oa Lefatše, www.global marketplace.org; Junk to Jewels,

(301)3600699, www.junktojewels.net; Simon Harrison Designs, (301)

854-0208, www.harrisondesign.com; Mabenyane a Snooty, (877)884-4367,

www.snootyjewelry.com.

KATHERINE KERLIN ke motlatsi oa mohlophisi oa E.