Amadayimane Awakho Phakade

Amagugu acwebezelayo asuka kumakesi evelvet ahlotshiswe ngobucwebe obuthulile

izitolo zenza kube lula ukukhohlwa ukuthi ezinye zalezi zimpawu zothando kanye

ukuchuma kwavela emazweni akude, ekujuleni kwenhlabathi yezingxabano.

Akukho emthethweni e-United States ukulahla inhlabathi ecolekile

Insimbi eyaziwa ngokuthi "tailings" emigwaqweni yamanzi. Kodwa gem

imisebenzi yezimayini ngaphandle kwe-U.S. imingcele ayikho ngaphansi okufanayo

imithetho, noma ngabe iqhutshwa yizinkampani zaseMelika noma izimpahla zabo zithengwa

U.S. abathengi. Isidingo esikhulu sidinga ukumbiwa kwezimayini ezinkulu, okuyinto

kuhilela amanani amakhulu e-sedimentation kanye nemisila ewela kuyo

izinhlelo zamanzi emhlabeni jikelele. I-mercury ne-cyanide yayisetshenziselwa ukuhlukana

igolide nethusi elivela edwaleni nakho kungena emanzini angaphansi komhlaba. I-

izisulu zale misebenzi yezimayini ngokuvamile izilwane zasendle zendawo kanye

abantu bomdabu abahlala ezindaweni ezinothile ngezinsiza.

Isibonelo, i-New Orleans-based Freeport-McMoRan yamangalelwa ngo-1996 ngu

abaholi bomdabu ePapua New Guinea ngokulahla amathani ami angama-80,000

imisele ohlelweni lomfula wendawo nsuku zonke. I-Freeport's

abacwaningi mabhuku bezemvelo, uDames noMoore, bathi izinhlelo zokwandisa

Imisebenzi yezimayini yaseFreeport e-Indonesia “ingandisa

ukulahlwa kwemisila enganakiwe kuya kumathani angama-285,000 nsuku zonke."

Ukuhweba ngedayimane e-Angola, eSri Lanka, eSierra Leone nase

IDemocratic Republic of the Congo isibe ngomunye wemithombo emikhulu kakhulu

yokungqubuzana kwangaphakathi nemvelo kulezo zindawo. Ngokusho kwe

I-Africa Policy Information Centre, amavukelambuso ase-Angola enze imali elinganiselwa ku-$3.7

izigidigidi zokuthengiswa kwedayimane phakathi kuka-1992 no-1998 ukuze kuxhaswe umzamo wabo wempi

ngokumelene nohulumeni wase-Angola. Kuze kuphele impi, ukuphoqelela

amasu okumba azwela imvelo azoqhubeka nokubekwa

kumshini wokushisa ongemuva. Khonamanjalo, imifula echezukile ibangela abantu

ahlakazeke, agwebe amachibi acekela phansi izindawo ezinkulu zomhlaba, futhi

ukungcola kwamanzi kubangele ukugula emiphakathini yezimayini, yendawo

imizana nezilwane zasendle.

Nokho, ukumba amatshe ayigugu akukona ngokwemvelo okonakalisayo. Abantu

Sekungamakhulu eminyaka bethola amagugu ayigugu namaminerali ngokungena

imifula ngezindleko ezincane zemvelo. Kukhona ngisho "itimu

amapaki" ahlakazeke yonkana iMelika akuvumela ukuthi ube "ngowami owakho

amatshe ayigugu."

Ukuthandana kwethu netshe kuqashe izinkulungwane zabantu

Amazwe ahweba ngamatshe ayigugu afana neNamibia neNingizimu Afrika, eqinisa umnotho wawo

ezomnotho. Imisebenzi eminingi yezimayini e-U.S. kanye namanye amazwe

imithethonqubo ebanzi edinga ukuhlolwa kwemvelo kanye nomhlaba

izinhlelo zokubuyisela kabusha. Izimayini kulindeleke ukuthi zibheke ukuthi imisebenzi yazo

izothinta izinhlanzi zomdabu kanye nezilwane zasendle, kanye nokuthobela imithetho

mayelana nokuvikelwa komoya namanzi, ukulahlwa kwemfucuza kanye nokuphathwa kwe

izinto eziyingozi. E-U.S., imithetho yezwe yokubuyisela idinga

ukutshala, ukuhlanzwa kwendawo kanye nokuvikelwa kwamanzi angaphezulu nangaphansi komhlaba.

Kodwa ukuhweba ngobucwebe kuwuhlelo lwembulunga yonke, oluhlanganisayo lwabangenisa kwamanye amazwe

nabathumela kwamanye amazwe, abavukuzi nabasiki, abathengi nabathengisi. With no

uhlelo lokulebula lwezwe lemvelaphi, abathengi abasoze baqiniseka ukuthi bakhona yini

ubucwebe bavela emthonjeni onomthwalo wemfanelo noma lowo ozimayini zakhe zixhaswe a

impi yombango, i-cyanide evuza emanzini angaphansi komhlaba noma abomdabu abaxhashazwayo

abantu ngezinsiza zabo.

Ubucwebe Ngaphandle Kwecala

Isiko lamadayimane negolide, ikakhulukazi umshado kanye

izindandatho zomshado, ifakwe ngokuqinile emasikweni ethu, kodwa singakwazi ukuhlobisa

sisebenzisa ezinye izindlela ezisimeme ngokwemvelo. Uma i

umcabango we "eco-jewelry" uletha imibono yobungane

namasongo enziwe nge-organic ukotini noma amahektha wemigexo ye-hemp, akakaze

ukwesaba--abaculi abaningi nabaklami basebenzisa izinto ezigaywe kabusha ukuze bakhe

ubuciko obugqokekayo obufana nanoma yini ngaphandle kodoti.

I-Simon Harrison Designs ese-Australia idala ukukhethwa okubanzi kwe

ubucwebe obenziwe ngengilazi egaywe kabusha, ubuhlalu bukakhukhunathi nengilazi eyenziwe ngezandla

ubuhlalu. Imibala, ngokumangazayo, yileyo esetshenziswa kakhulu

amabhodlela: inhlaka, umnqumo, eluhlaza, i-jade, ecacile futhi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Inkampani iyanikeza

amaphesenti amabili okuthengiswa kwayo esikhwameni esihlinzeka ngerayisi nokunye

izidingo emiphakathini yasePhilippines. Omunye umdlali ku-

recycled glass jewelry market is Jody Freij-Tonder. Usebenzisa amabhodlela,

izimbiza, amafasitela kanye nengilazi enemibala yomugqa wakhe wamacici (amapheya amathathu

ngo-$25) ithengiswe nge-Blue Skies Glassworks. I-Junk to Jewels iphenduka indala

ubuhlalu, izingxenye zikagesi nezebhayisikili zibe ubucwebe obuhle ngendlela eyinqaba: A

ibhodi lesifunda liba yilenga ($30); ucingo lukagesi kanye nokhuni oluluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka

ubuhlalu benza inkohliso yomgexo we-turquoise ($18).

Abaculi be-Eco-Artware.com nabo banikela ngezinhlobonhlobo zokuphinda zisetshenziswe,

izinto ezisetshenziswa kabusha nezemvelo. Esitolo sayo se-inthanethi, uzothola

izikhonkwane ($22 kuya ku-$32) ezenziwe ngezimpahla ezisetshenzisiwe ze-Mardi Gras, izingubo zebhola kanye

izintambo ezivela kumasethi we-TV aphukile. Izincwadi ezindala zomagazini weVogue zithola okwesibili

impilo yemfashini kubucwebe be-paper bead ($ 12 kuya ku-$ 28) eyenziwe ngu-Louisa kanye

Yongwoo Kim.

Ukuze uthole ubucwebe obunesibopho emphakathini, cabanga nge-Global Marketplace,

esiza abenzi bezandla abampofu ukuthi bakhuphuke ngaphezu komugqa wobumpofu. Umhlaba jikelele

I-Marketplace izichaza ngokuthi "umphakathi ongenzi nzuzo, ophansi

inhlangano yokuthuthukisa." Amalungu e-Co-op America Business

Inethiwekhi kanye ne-Fair Trade Federation, inkampani ibuyisela okuningi

intengo yokuthengisa ngangokunokwenzeka kumaciko endawo. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuthenga

yemigexo ye-ceramic yaseHaiti ($7.50 ngayinye) isiza ukusekela abesifazane baseHaiti

owenza impahla ngezandla. I-Global Marketplace futhi inikeza ubuhlalu, itshe,

ithusi, i-hematite, i-hemp, i-pewter, i-ceramic kanye nezinketho zesiliva.

Futhi uma, kuwe, akusekho okunye esikhundleni segolide namatshe ayigugu,

ezinye izinkampani zenza isiqiniseko sokuthi abantu nendawo abasuka kuyo basuka kuphi

ubucwebe beza bayahlonishwa. Enye inkampani enjalo i-Snooty Jewelry. Inkampani

ayisebenzisi imikhiqizo yezilwane (isikhumba, amaparele, igobolondo, amathambo) emiklamo yayo,

isebenzisa amaphesenti angu-100 imfucuza yangemva komthengi kanye noyinki asekelwe kusoya emaphaketheni,

kanti amaphesenti angu-10 enzuzo yawo aya ezilwaneni, kubantu nakwezemvelo

amaqembu ezenhlalakahle. Ukukhethwa okubanzi kobucwebe be-Snooty kwesiliva esihle kakhulu

kanye namacici egolide angu-14-karat, imigexo namasongo ayatholakala

amagugu afana ne-amythest, i-garnet, i-jade, isafire nesimaragidu ($5 kuya ku-$80).

I-EnviroWatch iphinde inikeze ngomugqa wamacici esiliva asezingeni eliphezulu

($35) namasongo ($50) abonisa amahlengethwa, oshaka, izimfudu, ama-manatee

nezindlovu. Ukuthengiswa kobucwebe kusiza i-EnviroWatch emizamweni yayo yokuvimba

ukudoba oshaka, ukunciphisa imithelela yokudoba ezinhlotsheni ezivikelekile kanye

ukusekela amaphrojekthi wobulungiswa bezemvelo. XHUMANA: I-Blue Skies Glassworks,

(800)388-8698, www.lakenet .com/glass4mj; I-Eco-Artware.com, (877)

326-2781, www.eco-artware.com; EnviroWatch, www.envirowatch.org/jewelry

.htm; I-Global Marketplace, www.global marketplace.org; I-Junk to Jewels,

(301)3600699, www.junktojewels.net; USimon Harrison Designs, (301)

854-0208, www.harrisondesign.com; Ubucwebe be-Snooty, (877)884-4367,

www.snootyjewelry.com.

UKATHERINE KERLIN ungumhleli we-E.