Hunts Imfa Ikutsitsimutsa Kukumbukira Mwamwayi Wotayika pa Silver Bet

Panali kukwera kwa mitengo. Zinali kuthamanga kufika pa 13 peresenti m’ma 1970, monga wakuba akuwopseza kuba chuma cha banja chimene atate wake, H.L., amapeza m’minda yamafuta ku East Texas.

Panali Muammar Qaddafi ndi amuna amafuta aku America omwe adagwirizana naye. Pamene Hunt ndi azichimwene ake William Herbert ndi Lamar anakana kulipira Qaddafi theka la ndalama zomwe amapeza kuchokera ku minda yamafuta ya ku Libya, monga momwe amachitira nawo mpikisano, Qaddafi adangolanda Hunts maekala 8 miliyoni.

Panali achikomyunizimu, omasuka, ochirikiza boma lazaumoyo. Ngati kukwera kwa mitengo sikunamulande mabiliyoni ake, wokhometsa msonkho akanatero.

Yankho lake linali siliva. Siliva wokwanira kutchingira kukwera kwa mitengo. Zokwanira kukhalabe olemera ngakhale kuti Qaddafi ndi Internal Revenue Service, anati Tim Knight, wolemba Mantha, Kupambana ndi Kupita patsogolo: Zaka mazana asanu a Mbiri ndi Misika (2014).

Siliva kwa iye sinali dongosolo la mpope ndi kutaya, Knight adatero poyankhulana. Hunt anali ndi malingaliro adziko lapansi ndipo zinali zomveka kwa iye kuti aunjike siliva ndikuumirira. Iye anali wokhulupirira weniweni.

Hunt anamwalira Oct. 21 ali ndi zaka 88 za kulephera kwa mtima kwamtima pambuyo polimbana ndi khansa komanso matenda a dementia, malinga ndi The Dallas Morning News.

Pamene adayamba kugula siliva ndi azichimwene ake mu 1973, adagula $ 2 ounce ndipo ogula wamkulu anali Eastman Kodak Co., omwe adagwiritsa ntchito kupanga mafilimu.

A Hunts asanathe, zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri pambuyo pake, adasunga ma ounces opitilira 200 miliyoni, mtengo udakwera $45 pa ounce ndipo olamulira anali kukonzekera kuchitapo kanthu kuti atsimikizire kuti palibe chomwe Nelson Bunker Hunt adachita sichingachitikenso.

A Hunts adasuntha mtengo wa siliva padziko lonse lapansi, atero a Thomas O. Gorman, mnzake ku Dorsey & Whitney LLP ku Washington yemwe adasumira bwino Hunts chifukwa chosokoneza msika.

Amalonda ambiri amagula ndi kugulitsa mapepala. Zinthu zenizeni zomwe zikuimiridwa ndi pepalalo zimaperekedwa kwa wina. Hunt ankafuna silivayo. Adachita hayala ndege zitatu za 707 kuti zikoke zitsulo kumalo osungiramo zinthu ku Switzerland ndikulemba ganyu khumi ndi awiri owombera ng'ombe kuti apereke chitetezo, malinga ndi Knight.

Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1970, a Hunts anali kudziunjikira siliva wochuluka kwambiri kotero kuti amafunikira anthu ena kuti awagulire, adatero George Gero, yemwe anagulitsa zitsulo pa Commodity Exchange Inc.s poyera dzenje ku New York kwa banki yogulitsa ndalama Drexel Burnham Lambert.

Wogula wamkulu wa Nelson Bunker Hunt anali Conti Commodities, ndipo titaona broker wa Conti akubwera kudzenje, tinakwatirana tonse tigula siliva, kukweza mtengo, atero a Gero, yemwe tsopano ndi wachiwiri kwa purezidenti, zam'tsogolo zapadziko lonse lapansi, ku RBC Capital Markets ku New York. .

Kupyolera m'ma 1970 mtengo unakwera pang'onopang'ono, mokhazikika. Kenako, mu 1979, mwamsanga. Silver idayamba chaka mozungulira $6 paunsi ndipo idatha chaka ndi ndalama zoposa $32.

Aliyense analowa nawo malonda. Agogo aakazi anagulitsa zodula za banja. Akuba anali kupanga zodzikongoletsera zasiliva ndikuzisungunula.

Zinafika poipa kwambiri kuti Tiffany & Co., katswiri wa miyala yamtengo wapatali wa ku New York, anagula zotsatsa mu New York Times zomwe zinati, Tikuganiza kuti sikulakwa kuti aliyense azitolera mabiliyoni angapo, inde mabiliyoni, siliva wamtengo wapatali wa madola ndi kukweza mtengowo kuti ukwere kwambiri kwa ena. amayenera kulipira mitengo yokwera kwambiri pazinthu zopangidwa ndi siliva kuchokera ku makapu a ana kupita ku tiyi, komanso filimu yojambula ndi zinthu zina.

Pa Jan. 7, 1980, poyankha udindo wa Hunts, Comex ndi Chicago Board of Trade anaika malamulo adzidzidzi omwe amaphatikizapo zofunikira zapamwamba.

Adaphwanya kukwerako poletsa kugula siliva, adatero Knight, yemwe amalemba mabulogu ku slopeofhope.com. Malamulo oti achotsedwe okha ndi omwe angavomerezedwe. Zake pafupifupi zaupandu zomwe iwo anachita.

Mtengo wa siliva unakwera kwambiri $49.45 pa aunsi mwezi womwewo. Pofika pa Marichi 18, inali $16.60.

Hunt adapita ku France kenako Saudi Arabia ndi lingaliro logulitsa ma bond mothandizidwa ndi siliva wake. Magazini ya Time inanena kuti panthawiyo a Hunts ankayesa kugulitsa siliva popanda kugulitsa siliva.

Kenako kunabwera kuyitana kwa malire.

Ochita malonda amayenera kubisa ndalama zawo tsiku lililonse. Ngati sakanatha, ankayenera kuyamba kugulitsa. Amenewo adali malamulo osinthanitsa.

Pa Marichi 27, 1980 - zomwe zidadziwika kuti siliva Lachinayi - Comex adafunsa Bache Group, broker Hunts, $134 miliyoni. Abale atatu a Hunt anali ndi ndalama zokwana $ 4.5 biliyoni, $ 3.5 biliyoni ya phindu lake, Knight adatero. Koma analibe $134 miliyoni.

Chifukwa chake, Jeffrey Christian, yemwe anali mtolankhani pa Metals Week panthawiyo, anali chifukwa cha vuto la oyang'anira. Munthu yekhayo amene angalole kuti ndalama zitumizidwe kuti alipire ndalamazo anali Bunker Hunt, ndipo anali kutsidya lina la nyanja komanso osafikirika, akutero Christian.

Bache analibe nzeru zochitira china chilichonse koma kuthetsa udindowu, adatero Christian, yemwe tsopano ndi woyang'anira mnzake ku CPM Group LLC, kampani yofufuza ndi upangiri yochokera ku New York. Chomwe Hunt amayenera kuchita ndikuimba foni.

Mtengo wa siliva unatsika tsiku limenelo kufika pa $10.80 pa ola limodzi kuchoka pa $15.70.

A Hunts adayika ma leases amafuta ndi gasi, malo ogulitsa nyumba, kubwereketsa malasha, zakale, ngakhale Mercedes ndi Rolex, ndipo adataya zonse, malinga ndi Kurt Eichenwalds Serpent on the Rock (2005).

Khumi ndi ziwiri U.S. Mabanki, nthambi zaku America zamabanki anayi akunja ndi nyumba zisanu zamalonda zidapatsa Hunts ndalama zogulira siliva zoposa $800 miliyoni - zofanana ndi pafupifupi 10 peresenti ya ngongole zonse zamabanki mdziko muno m'miyezi iwiri yapitayi, William Greider adalemba. mu Zinsinsi za Kachisi (1987). Chikolecho chinaphatikizaponso siliva, amene mtengo wake unatsika.

Zomwe zidapangitsa kuti zinthu ziipireipire, a Hunts adagula makontrakitala am'tsogolo pa ma ounces asiliva 19 miliyoni omwe akuyembekezeka Lolemba lotsatira, Marichi 31, Greider adalemba. Wogulitsayo ankafuna ndalama zake. Akapanda kuipeza, mtengo wasiliva utsikanso, ndikukokera obwereketsa $800 miliyoni pansi nawo, Greider adatero.

Ngongole ya $ 1.1 biliyoni kuchokera ku gulu la mabanki, yodalitsidwa ndi Wapampando wa Federal Reserve Paul Volcker ngakhale kuti anali wolimba mtima motsutsana ndi kubwereketsa kongopeka pomwe kukwera kwa inflation kudakwera, kudayimitsa magazi, adatero Greider.

Kwa masiku asanu ndi limodzi kumapeto kwa Marichi 1980 kunawonekera kwa akuluakulu a boma, Wall Street ndi anthu onse mokulira kuti kusakhulupirika kwa banja limodzi pa thayo lake pamsika wakugwa wasiliva kukhoza kusokoneza kwambiri U.S. dongosolo lazachuma, anatero 1982 U.S. Lipoti la Securities and Exchange Commission.

Pazaka zisanu ndi ziwiri zakukwera kwamitengo yasiliva, kampani yaku Peru idabetcha kuti mtengo utsika. Idasumira Bunker Hunt ndi Herbert Hunt chifukwa chosokoneza msika.

Mlanduwo unafika kukhoti mu 1988. Mlanduwu udatenga miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, atero a Gorman, loya wamakampani aku Peru. The Hunts anataya.

Ndikukumbukira kuti adadabwa kwambiri, adadabwa kwambiri, adatero Gorman.

Chigamulo cha $180 miliyoni chowatsutsa chinakankhira a Hunts ku bankirapuse. Onse a Bunker Hunt adasiya mabiliyoni ake anali mamiliyoni angapo, mahatchi othamanga komanso ndalama zokwana madola 90 miliyoni zomwe ziyenera kulipidwa pazaka 15, Knight adatero.

Bunker sangandilankhule konse, adatero Gorman. Anati nthawi yomaliza yomwe adamuwona Hunt anali pamalo odyera ku Dallas. Atadya nkhomaliro pa matebulo osiyana, anafika pazikepe nthawi imodzi. Gorman adati adagwira chitseko, koma Hunt adaumiriza Gorman kuti alowe kaye, kenako adakana kulowa naye ndikugubuduza mphuno yake kwa loya pomwe zitseko zidatsekedwa.

Mlandu wotsutsana ndi a Hunts unali mlandu wofunikira kwambiri womwe unayesedwapo, Jeffrey C. Williams, mboni yomwe inachitira umboni m'malo mwa Hunts, analemba m'nkhani yake ya mlanduwu, Manipulation on Trial (1995).

Sanayesepo kutsekereza msika, Christian adatero. Anagula siliva wambiri. Iwo anaikapo ndalama, mwa njira yaikulu, mosasamala. Kumakona sikulongosola kolondola.

Pambuyo pake, bungwe la Commodity Futures Trading Commission lidakhazikitsa malire atsopano pamaudindo omwe oyerekeza angaunjike.

Hunt anakhala ndi moyo kwa kotala zana pambuyo pa manyazi. Analetsedwa kuchita malonda. Kampani ya abambo ake, Hunt Oil Co., yobadwira m'minda yamafuta ku East Texas panthawi ya Great Depression, idapulumuka. Mchimwene wake Herbert adakhala bilionea kachiwiri, akugulitsa mafuta ku North Dakota shale.

Kusintha kwa malamulo kudachitika pambuyo pa Hunts, ndipo ndi cholowa cha Hunts, atero a David Kovel, loya wa Kirby McInerney LLP wa New York yemwe amagwira ntchito pazamalonda.

CFTC, mu November 2013 pempho lochepetsera chiwerengero cha makontrakitala omwe amalonda amodzi angakhale nawo pamisika yosiyanasiyana, adatchula malonda a siliva a Hunts monga chitsanzo cha chifukwa chake malire otere ali ofunikira.

Kusinthanitsa tsopano kukuwoneka ngati malo otetezeka popanda chiwopsezo chambiri monga msika wapaintaneti, adatero Kovel mu imelo.