Ho'ōla hou ka Hunts Death i ka hoʻomanaʻo o ka waiwai i nalowale ma ka bet kala

Aia ka hoʻonui kālā. Ua holo ʻo ia a hiki i ka 13 pakeneka i nā makahiki 1970, e like me ka ʻaihue e hoʻoweliweli ana e ʻaihue i ka waiwai o ka ʻohana i loaʻa e kona makuakāne, ʻo H.L., ma nā māla hinu o East Texas.

Aia ʻo Muammar Qaddafi a me nā kānaka ʻaila ʻAmelika i hui pū me ia. I ka wā i hōʻole ai ʻo Hunt a me kona mau kaikunāne ʻo William Herbert lāua ʻo Lamar e uku iā Qaddafi i ka hapalua o kā lākou loaʻa kālā mai nā māla aila Libyan, e like me kā lākou mau mea hoʻokūkū, ua kāʻili wale ʻo Qaddafi i ka Hunts 8 miliona mau ʻeka.

Aia i laila ka poʻe Komunista, ka poʻe liberal, ka poʻe kākoʻo i ke aupuni pono. Inā ʻaʻole i hao ka hoʻonui kālā iā ia i kāna mau piliona, e hana ka ʻauhau.

ʻO ke kālā ka pane. Ua lawa ke kala no ka pale ʻana i ka hoʻonui. Ua lawa ka noho waiwai ʻoiai ʻo Qaddafi a me ka Internal Revenue Service, wahi a Tim Knight, ka mea kākau o Panic, Prosperity and Progress: Five Centuries of History and the Markets (2014).

ʻAʻole ʻo ke kālā iā ia he papahana pump-and-dump, wahi a Knight ma kahi ninaninau. Loaʻa iā Hunt kahi ʻike honua paranoid a he mea kūpono iā ia ke hōʻiliʻili kālā a kau ʻia ma luna. He manaʻoʻiʻo ʻo ia.

Ua make ʻo Hunt i ʻOkakopa. 21 i ka makahiki 88 o ka puʻuwai congestive ma hope o ke kaua lōʻihi me ka maʻi kanesa a me ka dementia, e like me ka The Dallas Morning News.

I kona hoʻomaka ʻana e kūʻai kālā me kona mau kaikunāne i ka makahiki 1973, ua kūʻai ʻia he $2 i ka auneke a ʻo ka mea kūʻai nui ʻo Eastman Kodak Co., nāna i hoʻohana ia mea e hana kiʻiʻoniʻoni.

Ma mua o ka pau ʻana o ka Hunts, ʻehiku mau makahiki ma hope mai, ua hoʻopaʻa lākou i ʻoi aku ma mua o 200 miliona auneke, ke piʻi nei ke kumukūʻai ma mua o $45 i ka auneke a ke mākaukau nei nā mea hoʻoponopono e hana i nā hana e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ʻaʻohe mea e like me ka mea a Nelson Bunker Hunt i hana ai.

Ua hoʻoneʻe ka Hunts i ke kumukūʻai kālā a puni ka honua, wahi a Thomas O. Gorman, he hoa pili ma Dorsey & ʻO Whitney LLP ma Wakinekona nāna i hoʻopiʻi kūleʻa i ka Hunts no ka hoʻopunipuni mākeke.

ʻO ka hapa nui o nā mea kālepa e kūʻai a kūʻai aku i ka pepa. Hāʻawi ʻia nā mea maoli i hōʻike ʻia e kēlā pepa i kekahi. Ua makemake ʻo Hunt i ke kālā. Ua hoʻolimalima ʻo ia i ʻekolu mau mokulele jet 707 e huki i ka metala i nā hale kūʻai ma Switzerland a hoʻolimalima i hoʻokahi kaukani pani pana pua e hoʻolako i ka palekana, e like me ka Knight.

I ka hopena o nā makahiki 1970, ua hōʻiliʻili nā Hunts i nā kālā he nui e pono ai lākou e kūʻai aku iā lākou, wahi a George Gero, ka mea i kālepa i ka metala ma ka Commodity Exchange Inc.

ʻO ka mea kūʻai nui no Nelson Bunker Hunt ʻo Conti Commodities, a i ka wā i ʻike ai mākou i ka mea kūʻai kālā Conti e hele mai ana i ka lua, ua mare mākou a pau e kūʻai i ke kālā, e hoʻokiʻekiʻe ana i ke kumukūʻai, wahi a Gero, i kēia manawa hope pelekikena, nā hope o ka honua, no RBC Capital Markets ma New York .

Ma o ka makahiki 1970 ua piʻi mālie ke kumukūʻai. A laila, i ka makahiki 1979, wikiwiki. Ua hoʻomaka ke kālā i ka makahiki ma kahi o $6 i hoʻokahi auneke a hoʻopau i ka makahiki ma mua o $32.

Ua komo nā kānaka a pau i ke kālepa. Ua kūʻai aku nā kupuna wahine i nā ʻoki ʻoki ʻohana. Ua hoʻoheheʻe ʻia nā mea ʻaihue me nā mea kālā a hoʻoheheʻe i lalo.

Ua kaumaha loa ʻo Tiffany & Ua kūʻai ʻo Co., ka mea kūʻai waiwai ma New York, i kahi hoʻolaha ma ka New York Times e ʻōlelo ana, Manaʻo mākou he mea pono ʻole i kekahi ke hoʻopaʻa i kekahi mau piliona, ʻae piliona, mau kālā kālā a pēlā e hoʻonui ai i ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe loa. Pono e uku i nā kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe no nā ʻatikala i hana ʻia i ke kālā mai nā puna pēpē a i nā kī kī, a me nā kiʻi kiʻi a me nā huahana ʻē aʻe.

Ma Jan. 7, 1980, ma ka pane ʻana i ke kūlana Hunts, ua kau ʻo Comex a me ka Chicago Board of Trade i nā lula pilikia e pili ana i nā koi palena kiʻekiʻe.

Ua uhai lākou i ka piʻi ʻana ma o ka pāpā ʻana i ke kūʻai ʻana i ke kālā, wahi a Knight, nāna i blog ma slopeofhope.com. ʻO nā kauoha hoʻokaʻawale wale nō e ʻae ʻia. Kokoke hewa kā lākou i hana ai.

Ua piʻi ke kumukūʻai kālā i kahi kiʻekiʻe o $49.45 i ka auneke i kēlā mahina. Ma ka lā 18 o Malaki, he $16.60.

Ua hele ʻo Hunt i Farani a laila Saudi Arabia me ka manaʻo e kūʻai aku i nā mea paʻa i kākoʻo ʻia e kāna waihona kālā. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Time magazine i kēlā manawa e hoʻāʻo ana nā Hunts e kūʻai aku i ke kālā me ke kūʻai ʻole ʻana i ke kālā.

A laila hele mai ka margin call.

Pono nā mea kālepa e uhi i kā lākou pili i kēlā me kēia lā. Inā hiki ʻole, pono lākou e hoʻomaka e kūʻai aku. ʻO ia nā lula hoʻololi.

Ma Malaki 27, 1980 - ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo ke kālā Pōʻalima - ua noi ʻo Comex iā Bache Group, ka mea kūʻai kālā Hunts, no $134 miliona. Ua loaʻa i nā kaikunāne Hunt ʻekolu he $4.5 biliona i loko o nā paʻa kālā, $3.5 biliona o ka loaʻa kālā maʻemaʻe, wahi a Knight. Akā ʻaʻole lākou he $134 miliona.

ʻO kahi hewa hoʻomalu ke kumu, e like me Jeffrey Christian, he mea hoʻolaha ma Metals Week i kēlā manawa. ʻO ka mea wale nō i hiki ke ʻae i ka hoʻoili kālā e uku i ke kelepona ʻo Bunker Hunt, a aia ʻo ia ma waho a hiki ʻole ke kiʻi ʻia, wahi a Christian.

ʻAʻohe manaʻo o Bache e hana i kekahi mea akā e hoʻokaʻawale i ke kūlana, wahi a Christian, ʻo ia ka mea e hoʻokele nei i ka hoa ma CPM Group LLC, kahi hui noiʻi a me nā hui kūkākūkā ma New York. ʻO ka hana a Hunt wale nō ke kelepona ʻana.

Ua hāʻule ke kumu kūʻai kālā ma ia lā i $10.80 o ka auneke mai $15.70.

Ua hoʻokumu nā Hunts i nā hoʻolimalima aila a me ke kinoea, nā waiwai, nā hoʻolimalima lanahu, nā mea kahiko, ʻo Mercedes a me Rolex, a nalowale lākou a pau, e like me ka Kurt Eichenwalds Serpent on the Rock (2005).

He ʻumikūmālua ʻAmelika. nā panakō, nā lālā ʻAmelika o ʻehā mau panakō haole a me ʻelima mau hale kūʻai kālā i hāʻawi aku i ka Hunts kūʻai kālā me ka ʻoi aku ma mua o $800 miliona - e like me ka aneane 10 pakeneka o nā hōʻaiʻē panakō āpau ma ka ʻāina i nā mahina ʻelua i hala, kākau ʻo William Greider ma Nā mea huna o ka luakini (1987). ʻO ke kālā pū kekahi me ke kālā, e hāʻule ana ke kumukūʻai.

ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi, ua kūʻai aku ka Hunts i nā ʻaelike e hiki mai ana ma 19 miliona mau auneke kālā me ka hoʻouna ʻana i hoʻonohonoho ʻia no ka Pōʻakahi aʻe, Malaki 31, kākau ʻo Greider. Ke koi nei ka mea kūʻai aku i kāna kālā. Inā ʻaʻole i loaʻa iā ia, e hāʻule hou ke kumukūʻai kālā, e huki ana i nā mea hāʻawi kālā o $800 miliona me ia, wahi a Greider.

ʻO kahi hōʻaiʻē $ 1.1 biliona mai kahi hui o nā panakō, i hoʻopōmaikaʻi ʻia e ka Pelekikena Federal Reserve ʻo Paul Volcker ʻoiai ʻo kona kūpaʻa kūʻē ʻana i ka hōʻaiʻē speculative i ka piʻi ʻana o ka inflation kiʻekiʻe, ua hoʻōki i ke koko, wahi a Greider.

No nā lā ʻeono ma hope o Malaki 1980, ua ʻike ʻia e nā luna aupuni, ʻo Wall Street a me ka lehulehu ākea, ʻo ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana o ka ʻohana hoʻokahi i kāna mau kuleana i ka mākeke kālā e hoʻopilikia nui i ka US. ʻōnaehana kālā, wahi a 1982 U.S. Hōʻike ʻo Securities and Exchange Commission.

I loko o ka piʻi ʻana o nā kumukūʻai kālā ʻehiku makahiki, ua koho kahi hui Peruvian e hāʻule ana ke kumukūʻai. Ua hoʻopiʻi ʻo ia iā Bunker Hunt a me Herbert Hunt no ka hoʻopunipuni ʻana i ka mākeke.

Ua hiki hope ka hihia i ka ʻaha hoʻokolokolo i ka makahiki 1988. ʻEono mahina ka hoʻokolokolo ʻana, wahi a Gorman, ka loio o nā hui Peruvian. Ua eo ka Hunts.

Ke hoʻomanaʻo nei au ua kāhāhā loa lākou, haʻalulu loa, wahi a Gorman.

ʻO ka $ 180 miliona hoʻokolokolo kū'ē iā lākou i hoʻokuke i ka Hunts i ka panakalupa. ʻO nā Bunker Hunt a pau i haʻalele mai kāna mau piliona he mau miliona, he hale lio o ka heihei a me kahi bila ʻauhau he $90 miliona e uku ʻia ma kahi manawa 15 makahiki, wahi a Knight.

ʻAʻole loa e kamaʻilio ʻo Bunker iaʻu, wahi a Gorman. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia i ka manawa hope āna i ʻike ai iā Hunt ma kahi hale ʻaina ʻo Dallas. Ma hope o ko lākou ʻai ʻana i ka ʻaina awakea ma nā papa ʻaina kaʻawale, hōʻea lākou i nā elevators i ka manawa like. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Gorman ua paʻa ʻo ia i ka puka, akā koi ʻo Hunt e komo mua ʻo Gorman, a laila hōʻole ʻo ia e komo pū me ia a kuʻi i kona ihu i ka loio i ka wā i pani ʻia ai nā puka.

ʻO ka hihia kūʻē i ka Hunts ka hihia hoʻopunipuni nui loa i hoʻāʻo ʻia, ʻo Jeffrey C. Ua kākau ʻo Williams, he mea hōʻike i hōʻike ma ka inoa o ka Hunts, i kāna moʻolelo o ka hihia, Manipulation on Trial (1995).

ʻAʻole lākou i hoʻāʻo e kihi i ka mākeke, wahi a Christian. Ua kūʻai lākou i ke kālā he nui. Ua hoʻopukapuka lākou, ma ke ʻano nui, i kahi ala palaualelo. ʻAʻole he wehewehe pololei ke kihi.

I ka hopena, ua hoʻoholo ke Komisina Kūʻai Kūʻai Kūʻai i nā palena hou i nā kūlana e hiki ai i nā speculators ke hōʻiliʻili.

Ua ola ʻo Hunt no ka hapahā haneli ma hope o kona hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia. Ua pāpā ʻia ʻo ia mai ke kālepa ʻana i nā waiwai. ʻO ka hui o kona makuakāne, ʻo Hunt Oil Co., i hānau ʻia ma ka māla aila ʻo East Texas i ka wā o ka Depression Nui, ua ola. Ua lilo kona kaikunāne ʻo Herbert i billionaire, hoʻokomo kālā i ka ʻaila shale ʻo North Dakota.

Ua hoʻololi ʻia ke kānāwai ma hope o ke ala ʻana o Hunts, a he hoʻoilina Hunts lākou, wahi a David Kovel, he loio ma New York-based Kirby McInerney LLP loea i nā waiwai.

ʻO ka CFTC, ma ka noi ʻana o Nowemapa 2013 e kaupalena i ka helu o nā ʻaelike e hiki i kahi mea kālepa ke paʻa ma nā mākeke like ʻole, i ʻōlelo ʻia i ke kālepa kālā Hunts ma ke ʻano he kumu e pono ai ia mau palena.

Ua ʻike ʻia nā hoʻololi i nā wahi palekana me ka ʻole o ka nui o ka pilikia ʻōnaehana e like me ka mākeke ma luna o ka counter, wahi a Kovel i kahi leka uila.