Ngokuqinisekileyo unezihlalo zakho zesikhumba, izibambi zeplastiki, amatayara erabha kunye neefestile ezenziwe ngeglasi yokhuseleko. Kodwa uninzi lwento eyenza ukuba imoto ihambe kwaye ikukhusele njengoko ubhuqa kuhola wendlela yintsimbi.Intsimbi yeyona nto ixhaphakileyo kwimoto. Malunga ne-55% yobunzima bemoto buvela kwintsimbi, ngokutsho kweWorld Steel Association.

Kwi-2007, i-avareji yemoto iqulethe i-2,400 yeepounds zentsimbi, kunye nelori eliqhelekileyo elikhanyayo okanye i-SUV 3,000 yeepounds zentsimbi. I-GM yodwa ithenga i-7 yezigidi zeetoni zetsimbi ngokwayo kunye nokuthengiswa kwakhona kubathengisi bayo ngonyaka.Ayinakudlula, i-Aluminium Association ithatha i-aluminium njengentsimbi yesibini eqhelekileyo kwiimoto - kunye neepounds ze-327 ezisetyenziswa kwisithuthi esiqhelekileyo eMntla. eMelika. Ngo-2007, ubunzima obuqhelekileyo bemoto entsha e-U.S.

inobunzima obungama-4,144 eeponti, nto leyo ibeka kuphela malunga ne-8% yobunzima bemoto obubalelwa kwi-aluminiyam. Sekunjalo, iiponti ezingama-327 ziphindaphinda izigidi zeemoto ezithengiswa kanye eU.S. minyaka yonke yenza i-market market.I-London Metal Exchange ibonakalisa i-7% yokusetyenziswa kobhedu kwishishini lokuthutha, kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo ingakanani isinyithi esisemotweni yakho kunzima ukwazi.Siyazi ukuba iplatinam, i-palladium kunye ne-rhodium zisetyenziswa kakhulu abaguquli be-catalytic.

Ngapha koko, i-60% yeplatinam isetyenziswa kushishino lweemoto, nangona imali kwimoto nganye incinci ngokufanelekileyo - malunga ne-1 ukuya kwi-1.5 grams - kwaye inokuba ncinci, njengoko iinkampani ezahlukeneyo zemoto zibhengeza izinto ezintsha ezinciphisa inani iintsimbi ezixabisekileyo ezisetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zabo.(uNissan usandul' ukubhengeza inkqubo yokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweplatinam kwimoto yayo entsha yeCube ukusuka kwi-1.3 grams ukuya kwi-0.65 grams. Abahlalutyi abakholelwa ukuba iya kuba nefuthe elikhulu kwixesha elifutshane kuba imoto iza kufumaneka eJapan kuphela. Ngaphandle koko, ezi zibhengezo azisoloko zikhokelela kwinkqubo efakwa ngokukhawuleza kwimveliso.

I-Mazda ibhengeze i-catalyst efanayo ngo-Okthobha ophelileyo ekucingelwa ukuba yakwazi ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwesinyithi esixabisekileyo nge-70-90%. Kodwa ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, akukho mqondiso wokuba isasetyenziswa ngokubanzi okwangoku.)Kodwa linda, kusekho okungakumbi. Ilothe isetyenziswa kwiibhetri.

I-Tin isetyenziswa kwii-solders, kwaye i-zinc idlala indima ekufakweni kweentsimbi, ezinceda ukukhusela imoto yakho kwizinto eziphilayo. I-Cobalt isetyenziswa kwii-airbags kwaye njengesongezo kwizinto ezahlukeneyo ezinokuthi zenze indlela yayo yokungena okanye kwimoto yakho. Ukuba uqhuba i-hybrid, unayo i-cobalt kwiibhetri zakho - ukuya kuthi ga kwi-2.5 kg ukuba unayo i-Prius.Amanani ka-Oktobha e-U.S.

ukuthengiswa kweemoto bekukubi - phantsi kwe-32% ukusuka ngo-Okthobha wama-2007. Kwi-Big Three automakers, i-GM yayiyeyona nto inzima kakhulu, ibona ukuthengisa kwayo kwehla i-45%. I-Ford kunye neChrysler nazo azizange zigcinwe, kunye neentengiso zehla nge-30% kunye ne-35%, ngokulandelanayo.Akubi nje apha, kubi kuyo yonke indawo.

I-Iceland ibe nokuhla kwe-86% kwaye i-Ireland yehla nge-55%. Kulungile, i-Iceland ayingomandla okuqhuba kwimfuno yemoto, kodwa awukwazi nje ukuwahoya amanani anjalo.J.D. I-Power and Associates iqikelela ukuba inani elipheleleyo leentengiso zeenqwelo-moya ezintsha eU.S.

izakwehla iye kutsho kwi-13.6 yezigidi zeeyunithi ngo-2008, ize ke iye kutsho kwi-13.2 yezigidi zeeyunithi ngo-2009. IYurophu nayo ilindele ukuhla kwe-3.1% kwi-2008. Imarike ye-auto yase-China isakhula, kodwa, njengoqoqosho lwase-China lonke, olo hlumo luyacotha.

J.D. Uqikelelo lwamandla oluyi-8.9 yezigidi zeeyunithi luya kuthengiswa ngo-2008 - ukukhula okuhloniphekileyo nge-9.7% ngaphezu kwamanani ka-2007. Ehloniphekileyo uze uyiqhathanise ne-2007 yezinga lokukhula kwe-24.1%.Kwaye kunye nokuzithemba kwabathengi ngokuqhubekayo ukuphahlazeka, kunye nekamva leenkampani ezifana ne-GM ngokungathandabuzekiyo, akubonakali ngathi ukuthengiswa kweemoto kuya kuphinda kuphinde kuphinde kuphinde kuphinde kuphinde kuphinde kuphinde kube nini na.Beka i-2 kunye ne-2 kunye nombuzo. kubatyali-zimali bempahla yorhwebo, ke, yindlela amaxabiso eemveliso ezahlukeneyo axhaswe ngayo kwimfuno yemoto.

Ukuba abenzi beemoto bavelisa i-10% okanye i-20% yeemoto ezimbalwa kulo nyaka uzayo, zeziphi iimarike eziya kulimaza kakhulu? Phezulu kwoluhlu - i-aluminium. Ngo-2005, isithathu esipheleleyo sokusetyenziswa kwe-aluminiyam kuMntla Melika kwachazwa kwicandelo lezothutho - yi-8,683 yezigidi zeeponti ze-aluminium.

Izingxobo kunye nokupakishwa zidle enye i-20% ye-aluminiyam, kwaye i-14% ye-aluminiyam iye kwisakhiwo kunye nokwakhiwa. Ukunciphisa i-10-20% yemfuno echaphazela isahlulo sesithathu esipheleleyo semarike ye-aluminium kukubethelwa okukhulu kwi-metal.Platinum yenye intsimbi enokuthi ibethe kakhulu ngokuhla kwemfuno ngenxa yokuthengisa imoto ephantsi kunye nosongelo olongezelelweyo lwe. ubugcisa obutsha obunokunciphisa inani lentsimbi efunekayo kwimoto nganye. Ukuba amaxabiso aphantsi ngokwaneleyo, sinokubona ukunyuka kweentengiso zobucwebe-ekuphela kwemfuno enkulu yomqhubi weplatinam.

Kodwa ngamaxesha okudodobala koqoqosho, mhlawumbi asiyi kubona umtsi omkhulu kwimfuno ye-bling.How malunga nentsimbi? Njengenxalenye enkulu yazo zonke izithuthi ezisendleleni, ungacinga ukuba intsimbi isengozini - kodwa mhlawumbi akunjalo. Inyaniso kukuba, ngelixa i-industry ebalulekileyo, ii-autos zimela nje iqhekeza elincinci lemarike yentsimbi.

Impahla emhlophe, iibhulorho, amadama, izakhiwo kunye nentaphane yamanye amashishini asebenzisa intsimbi. Kwi-2007, i-1,343.5 yezigidi zeetoni zentsimbi zaveliswa kwihlabathi, ngokutsho kwe-International Iron and Steel Institute. Loo nto yenza ukuba i-GM ithenge iitoni ezizizigidi ezisi-7 ngonyaka ibukeke njengethontsi nje kwibhakethi.

Amaxabiso esinyithi aphantsi anokuthetha ukonga okukhulu kubenzi beemoto ukuba iikhontrakthi zabo zemathiriyeli zangoku zilungele uthethathethwano. Kukho ubungqina bokuba abenzi beemoto eIndiya banokuqala ukubona imida yabo iphucuka njengoko beqala ukukwazi ukuthatha inzuzo yeendleko ezisezantsi zokufaka. Ingxaki enye encinci - basafuna ngokwenene ukuthengisa iimoto ukuze benze imali, kodwa hey, ingxaki enye ngexesha, nceda. IiMbango iiNgxaki Bloomberg, Nov.

Ngomhla we-11, 2008Abenzi beAuto banokubona inzuzo iphucuka njengoko amaxabiso esinyithi ehla eNew Delhi