ISiqithi esiNcinane saseRhode Sikhulu kakhulu kwizacholo zesinxibo: kodwa ukuNgeniswa kwamanye amazwe Kwenza indlela

I-Rhode Island ivelisa i-80% yezacholo ze-costume--okanye i-fashion jewelry, njengoko i-shishini libiza i-adornment engabizi ukuya kwixabiso eliphakathi-enziwe eMelika. Kugxilwe kwiProvidence namadlelo ayo ziifemu zobucwebe ezingama-900 eziqeshe abasebenzi abangama-24,400 ngomvuzo wonyaka wama-350 ezigidi zeedola.

Phakathi kweemveliso eziveliswe ziifektri zikaProvidence ngamacici, izacholo, iintsimbi zomqala, izikhonkwane, iipendenti, imisesane, amatyathanga, amakhonkco e-cuff kunye neqhina lokubopha.

"Izacholo lelona candelo lemveliso enkulu eRhode Island," utshilo uBill Parsons, umncedisi womlawuli weSebe loPhuhliso lwezoQoqosho. "Sithumela i-1 yesigidi seeponti zobucwebe bempahla ngeveki ngaphandle kombuso. Lishishini le- $ 1.5-bhiliyoni ye-Rhode Island." I-Rhode Island ibe yintliziyo kunye nomphefumlo wobucwebe besinxibo malunga neenkulungwane ezimbini. Ngomnyaka ka-1794, uNehemlah Dodge--wayethathelwe ingqalelo nguyise weshishini--waphuhlisa inkqubo yoguqulo yokuhombisa isiseko sesinyithi ngegolide kwivenkile yakhe encinci yeProvidence.

Iqela lezinye iinkampani zakhula ngokukhawuleza malunga nomzi-mveliso kaDodge, zisebenzisa ubuchule awayebuvulindlela. Namhlanje, ukuxinana kwabavelisi bezacholo kuchithelwe kwiidolophu zaseMassachusetts ezikumda weRhode Island-kodwa phantse zonke zifumaneka kumgama wemizuzu engama-30 ukusuka kwiProvidence.

Uninzi lwabenzi bezacholo zeRhode Island bayaqhubeka bebancinci, amashishini osapho kunye -asebenza kunye nabasebenzi abangama-25 ukuya kwangama-100. Kodwa kukho ezininzi ezinkulu, iinkampani ezaziwayo-kakuhle ezifana Trifari, Monet, Jewel Co. waseMelika, eKienhofer & Moog, Anson, Bulova, Gorham, Swank kunye neSpeidel.

Ubucwebe beCostume bumele i-40% yazo zonke izacholo ezenziwe eMelika. Enye i-60% izacholo ezibiza kakhulu zeentsimbi ezixabisekileyo kunye namatye, aveliswa ikakhulu eNew York, eNew Jersey, eCalifornia naseFlorida.

Iminyaka yee-1980 ixhaphakile kwizacholo zefashoni. Kodwa abona baxhamli abakhulu abazange babe yi-US "Ngexesha apho izacholo zefashoni zithengiswa njengamaqebengwane ashushu, sixinzelelwa phantsi kukungeniswa kwamanye amazwe," wakhalaza watsho uCharles Rice, isithethi seManufacturing Jewelers enamalungu angama-2,400. & Silversmiths of America, ikomkhulu apha.

Ukuthengwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe kungene kakhulu kule minyaka isibhozo idlulileyo. Bangaphezu kwama-8,000 abasebenzi bezacholo abaphulukene nemisebenzi yabo kwaye iinkampani ezingama-300 ziye zasonga ukususela ngo-1978.

Ngokutsho kweMJSA, iU.S. ukuthengiswa kwazo zonke iintlobo zobucwebe kwandisa i-40% kwiminyaka emine edlulileyo, kunye nexabiso lilonke (ixabiso labavelisi) linyuka ukuya kwi-6,4 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ukusuka kwi-4,5 yezigidigidi. Ixabiso lokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe, nangona kunjalo, linyuke nge-83% ngexesha elifanayo-ukuya kwi-1.9 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ukusuka kwi-1 yeebhiliyoni zeedola.

I-American Ring Co. kunye noMfg. Co. yimizekelo yeefemu ezimbini zosapho ezithe zahlangabezana ngempumelelo nomcelimngeni ovela kumazwe angaphandle.

URenato Calandrelli, oneminyaka engama-59, oyinzalelwane yaseNaples, eItali, weza kweli lizwe xa wayeneminyaka eli-18 ubudala. Usebenze ngowona mvuzo usezantsi kwinkampani yesixhobo kunye-nokufa de kube nguJan. Ngomhla wama-21, 1973, xa wagqiba ekubeni azame ukuzenzela ngokwakhe ngokusungula i-American Ring Co. eMpuma Providence.

“Kulo nyaka wokuqala ndandingumsebenzi ndedwa kule nkampani. Inkampani yenza ingeniso yeedola ezingama-24,000 ngokuthengisa amakhonkco angama-2,000, ”ukhumbula uCalandrelli. Kulo nyaka uphelileyo, wathi, i-American Ring iqeshe abasebenzi abali-180 kwaye inentengiso engaphezulu kwe-11 yezigidi zeedola.

“Ukhuphiswano oluvela kumazwe aseMpuma lunzima. Lixhala elihlala lihleli, ”wavuma uCalandrelli.

Inkampani yakhe yisethi yesitayile. Ivelisa amakhonkco angama-80,000 ngeveki, uninzi lwawo luthengisa kwi-15 yeedola ukuya kwi-20 yeedola. “Rhoqo kwiinyanga ezintathu sazisa iindlela ezintsha,” ucacise watsho. Le yenye yeendlela zokuboyisa (ukungenisa elizweni). Ndichitha phakathi kwe-$200,000 kunye ne-$300,000 ngonyaka kwiingcamango ezintsha, ndiphuhlisa imifuziselo emitsha.

“Abavelisi bamanye amazwe abazi ukuba abantu baseMelika bafuna ntoni. Kufuneka basilandele. Simisela iindlela (aba) bazikopayo." UFred Kilguss, oneminyaka engama-75, usihlalo webhodi ye-Excel Mfg. I-Co., enye yeenkampani ezinkulu zesizwe, ichaze indlela inkampani yakhe eyathatha ngayo indlela eyahlukileyo ukulwa nelahleko yeshishini ekuthengisweni kwe-Italiya.

“AmaTaliyane aphume nekhonkco elitsha lefashoni elathi laduma ngobusuku eUnited States,” utshilo uKilguss. “Besingayenzi olu hlobo lwetsheyini. Intengiso yethu yehla.

“Besinokunyuka isisu njengeenkampani ezininzi zaseProvidence, kodwa sakhwela kwi-bandwagon. AmaTaliyane akapheleli nje ekwenzeni ikhonkco kodwa athengise oomatshini ukwenza amatyathanga. Sithenge oomatshini baseTaliyane." Kodwa ngaphandle kwaloo mpumelelo, uKilguss uthe, "phantse akunakwenzeka ukuba iinkampani ezilapha zikhuphisane nesiphelo esiphantsi seshishini lezacholo zempahla. Izinto ezithengiswa ngaphantsi kwe-$1 ukuya kwi-5 yeedola ngoku zenziwa phantse ngokupheleleyo eTaiwan, eHong Kong naseKorea. Kodwa kwizinto ezibiza kakhulu njengamatyathanga ethu, athengisa ukusuka kwi-20 yeedola ukuya kwi-2,000 yeedola, sinokukhuphisana. into ababeyiyo ngo-1976.