I-Rhode Island Encane Kakhulu Ebucwebeni Bemvunulo : kodwa Okungeniswayo Kwenza I-Inroad

I-Rhode Island ikhiqiza u-80% wezinto zokuhloba imvunulo--noma ubucwebe bemfashini, njengoba imboni ibiza ukuhlobisa okungabizi kuya kwamanani aphakathi - okwenziwa eMelika. Kugxilwe e-Providence nasezindaweni ezingaphansi kwayo kunezinkampani zobucwebe ezingama-900 eziqasha abasebenzi abangama-24,400 abahola izigidi ezingama- $350 ngonyaka.

Phakathi kwemikhiqizo evezwe amafekthri akwa-Providence kukhona amacici, amasongo, imigexo, izikhonkwane, imihlobiso elengayo, izindandatho, amaketango, izixhumanisi ze-cuff kanye namathayi athayi.

"Ubucwebe buyimboni enkulu yokukhiqiza e-Rhode Island," kusho uBill Parsons, umsizi womqondisi woMnyango Wezokuthuthukiswa Komnotho wezwe. “Sithumela ubucwebe obungamaphawundi ayizigidi ezingu-1 ngesonto ngaphandle kombuso. Kuyimboni engu-$1.5-billion ye-Rhode Island.” I-Rhode Island ibe inhliziyo nomoya wobucwebe bemvunulo cishe amakhulu amabili eminyaka. Ngo-1794, u-Nehemlah Dodge--ocatshangelwa ubaba wemboni--wakha inqubo yenguquko yokunamathisela isisekelo sensimbi ngegolide esitolo sakhe esincane se-Providence.

Inqwaba yezinye izinkampani zakhula ngokushesha eduze kwemboni kaDodge, zisebenzisa amasu awaphayona. Namuhla, ukugcwala kwabakhiqizi bobucwebe sekudlulele emadolobheni aseMassachusetts aseduze ne-Rhode Island - kodwa cishe wonke atholakala phakathi kwemizuzu engama-30 ukusuka e-Providence.

Iningi labakhiqizi bobucwebe baseRhode Island bayaqhubeka nokuba ngamabhizinisi amancane, aphethwe umndeni futhi asetshenziswayo anabasebenzi abangu-25 kuya ku-100. Kodwa futhi kunezinkampani eziningi ezinkulu, ezaziwayo njenge-Trifari, Monet, Jewel Co. waseMelika, uKienhofer & Moog, Anson, Bulova, Gorham, Swank kanye noSpeidel.

Ubucwebe bemvunulo bumele u-40% wabo bonke ubucwebe obenziwe eMelika. Omunye u-60% ubucwebe obubiza kakhulu bezinsimbi namatshe ayigugu, akhiqizwa ngokuyinhloko eNew York, eNew Jersey, eCalifornia naseFlorida.

Iminyaka yawo-1980 ibichuma ngobucwebe bemfashini. Kodwa abahlomuli abakhulu abakaze babe yi-U.S. abakhiqizi."Ngesikhathi lapho ubucwebe bemfashini buthengiswa njengamaqebelengwane ashisayo, siyacindezelwa yizinto ezivela kwamanye amazwe," kuzikhalela uCharles Rice, umkhulumeli we-Manufacturing Jewelers enamalungu angu-2 400. & I-Silversmiths of America, ikomkhulu lalapha.

Ukuthengwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe kungenelele kakhulu kule minyaka eyisishiyagalombili edlule. Bangaphezu kuka-8,000 abasebenzi bobucwebe abalahlekelwe yimisebenzi kanti izinkampani ezingama-300 zigoqiwe kusukela ngo-1978.

Ngokwe-MJSA, i-U.S. ukuthengiswa kwazo zonke izinhlobo zobucwebe kukhuphuke ngo-40% eminyakeni emine edlule, nenani eliphelele (intengo yabakhi) lenyuka laya ku-$6.4 billion lisuka ku-$4.5 billion. Inani lokungeniswa kobucwebe kwamanye amazwe, nokho, lenyuke ngo-83% ngesikhathi esifanayo--lafinyelela ku-$1.9 billion lisuka ku-$1 billion.

Inkampani ye-American Ring Co. kanye ne-Excel Mfg. Co. ziyizibonelo zamafemu amabili emindeni eye yabhekana ngempumelelo nenselele evela kwamanye amazwe.

URenato Calandrelli, 59, ongowokuzalwa eNaples, e-Italy, wafika kuleli zwe eneminyaka engu-18. Usebenze ukuze athole amaholo amancane enkampanini yamathuluzi nefa kuze kube uJan. 21, 1973, lapho enquma ukuthi uzozama ukuzenza yedwa ngokusungula i-American Ring Co. e-East Providence.

“Ngalowo nyaka wokuqala ngangiwukuphela komsebenzi wenkampani. Inkampani yenze imali engu-$24,000 ngokudayisa izindandatho ezingu-2,000,” kukhumbula uCalandrelli. Ngonyaka odlule, wathi, i-American Ring yaqasha abasebenzi abangu-180 futhi yaba nesamba sokudayisa esingaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-11 zamaRandi.

“Ukuncintisana kwamazwe aseMpumalanga kushubile. Kuyakhathaza njalo,” kuvuma uCalandrelli.

Inkampani yakhe iyisethi yesitayela. Ikhiqiza izindandatho ezingu-80,000 ngesonto, iningi lazo lithengisa ngo-$15 kuya ku-$20. “Njalo ezinyangeni ezintathu sethula izitayela ezintsha,” echaza. “Leyo kungenye yezindlela zokubahlula (ukungenisa). Ngichitha phakathi kuka-$200,000 no-$300,000 ngonyaka emibonweni emisha, ngithuthukisa amamodeli amasha.

“Abakhiqizi bangaphandle abazi ukuthi umphakathi waseMelika ufunani. Kufanele basilandele. Sisungula amathrendi (abawakopishayo)." UFred Kilguss, 75, usihlalo webhodi le-Excel Mfg. I-Co., enye yezinkampani ezinkulu zesizwe ezithengisa ubucwebe, itshele ukuthi inkampani yakhe yathatha kanjani indlela ehlukile yokubhekana nokulahlekelwa kwebhizinisi ekuthengisweni kwe-Italy.

“AmaNtaliyane aphume nochungechunge lwemfashini olusha olwaduma ngobusuku obubodwa e-United States,” kusho uKilguss. “Besingakwenzi uhlobo olunjalo lweketango. Ukuthengisa kwethu kwehle kakhulu.

“Besingaphuma isisu njengoba kwenza izinkampani eziningi e-Providence, kodwa sagibela phezu kwe-bandwagon. AmaNtaliyane awagcini nje ngokukhiqiza iketango kodwa athengisa imishini ukuze enze amaketanga. Sithenge imishini yase-Italy." Kodwa naphezu kwaleyo mpumelelo, u-Kilguss uthe, "cishe akwenzeki ukuthi izinkampani lapha ziqhudelane nezinga eliphansi lebhizinisi lobucwebe bezimpahla zokugqoka. Izinto ezithengiswa kusukela ngaphansi kuka-$1 kuya ku-$5 manje sezenziwa cishe ngokuphelele e-Taiwan, Hong Kong nase-Korea. Kodwa ezintweni ezibiza kakhulu njengamaketanga ethu, athengisa kusukela ku-$20 kuya ku-$2,000, singaqhudelana.” I-Excel ayikuvezi ukuthengiswa okuphelele, kodwa uKilguss uthe inkampani yakhe iqashe abasebenzi abaphindwe kabili kunaleyo yayenza eminyakeni eyi-10 edlule, futhi ukudayisa izikhathi eziyishumi. lokho ababeyikho ngo-1976.