Izimoto Nezinsimbi, Insimbi Nezimoto

Impela unezihlalo zakho zesikhumba, izibambi zenkomishi yepulasitiki, amathayi enjoloba namafasitela enziwe ngengilazi yokuphepha. Kodwa okuningi okwenza imoto inyakaze futhi ikuvikele njengoba uginqa emgwaqweni onguthelawayeka insimbi.Insimbi iyinto evame kakhulu emotweni. Cishe u-55% wesisindo semoto usuka ensimbi, ngokusho kwe-World Steel Association. Ngo-2007, imoto evamile yayiqukethe amakhilogremu angu-2,400 ensimbi, kanye neloli elincane elivamile noma i-SUV 3,000 pounds yensimbi. I-GM iyodwa izithengela amathani ensimbi angu-7 million futhi iphinde idayiselwe abahlinzeki bayo unyaka nonyaka. Akumele kudlulelwe phambili, i-Aluminium Association incoma i-aluminium njengensimbi yesibili evamile ezimotweni - esetshenziswa opondo abangu-327 emotweni evamile eNyakatho. eMelika. Ngo-2007, isisindo esijwayelekile semoto entsha e-U.S. isisindo samakhilogremu angu-4,144, okubeka cishe u-8% wesisindo semoto esidalwe yi-aluminium. Noma kunjalo, amapondo angu-327 izikhathi eziphindwe ngezigidi zezimoto ezithengiswa e-U.S. minyaka yonke yenza imakethe enhle.I-London Metal Exchange iveza u-7% wethusi osetshenziswa embonini yezokuthutha, kodwa ukuthi ingakanani insimbi emotweni yakho okunzima ukuyazi.Siyazi ukuthi iplatinum, i-palladium ne-rhodium isetshenziswa kakhulu ama-catalytic converters. Eqinisweni, u-60% we-platinum usetshenziswa embonini yezimoto, nakuba inani lemoto ngayinye lincane kakhulu - lilinganiselwa ku-1 kuya ku-1.5 amagremu - futhi lingase libe lincane, njengoba izinkampani zezimoto ezahlukene zimemezela ama-catalyst amasha anciphisa inani lemoto. izinsimbi eziyigugu ezisetshenziswa ezinqubweni zabo.(uNissan usanda kumemezela inqubo yokunqamula ukusetshenziswa kweplatinamu emotweni yayo entsha yeCube isuka ku-1.3 amagremu iye ku-0.65 amagremu. Abahlaziyi abakholwa ukuthi izoba nomthelela omkhulu esikhathini esifushane ngoba le moto izotholakala eJapan kuphela. Ngaphandle kwalokho, lezi zimemezelo azihlali ziholela enqubweni efakwa ngokushesha ekukhiqizweni. I-Mazda yamemezela into efanayo ngo-Okthoba odlule okwakucatshangwa ukuthi ikwazi ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwensimbi eyigugu ngo-70-90%. Kodwa kuze kube manje, akukho sibonakaliso sokuthi isasetshenziswa kabanzi okwamanje.)Kodwa linda, kukhona okwengeziwe. Umthofu usetshenziswa kumabhethri. Ithini lisetshenziswa kumasoda, kanti i-zinc idlala indima ekufakeni izinsimbi, esiza ukuvikela imoto yakho ezintweni. I-cobalt isetshenziswa kuma-airbag futhi njengesengezo ezintweni ezahlukahlukene ezahlukahlukene ezingangena noma zingene emotweni yakho. Uma ushayela ingxubevange, une-cobalt kumabhethri akho - okungango-2.5 ​​kg uma ungumnikazi we-Prius.Izibalo zika-Okthoba zase-U.S. ukuthengiswa kwezimoto bekukubi - kwehle ngo-32% kusukela ngo-Okthoba 2007. Kuma-Big Three automakers, i-GM yaba yimbi kakhulu, ibona ukuthengiswa kwayo kwehle ngo-45%. I-Ford ne-Chrysler nazo azizange zishiywe, ukuthengiswa kwehle ngo-30% no-35% ngokulandelanayo.Akubi nje lapha, kubi yonke indawo. I-Iceland yehle ngo-86% kwathi i-Ireland yehla ngo-55%. KULUNGILE, i-Iceland ayiwona amandla aqhuba isidingo sezimoto, kodwa awukwazi nje ukuziba izinombolo ezinjengalezo.J.D. I-Power and Associates ibikezela ukuthi inani eliphelele lokuthengiswa kwezimoto ezilula e-U.S. izokwehla ifinyelele ezigidini eziyi-13.6 ngo-2008, bese ifinyelela ezigidini eziyi-13.2 ngo-2009. I-Europe nayo ilindele ukwehla ngo-3.1% ngo-2008. Imakethe yezimoto yaseChina isakhula, kodwa, njengawo wonke umnotho waseChina, lokho kukhula kuhamba kancane. J.D. Amandla alinganisela ukuthi amayunithi ayizigidi eziyisi-8.9 azothengiswa ngo-2008 - ukukhula okuhloniphekile okungu-9.7% kunezinombolo zika-2007. Ihlonipheke uze uyiqhathanise nezinga lika-2007 lokukhula lika-24.1%.Futhi njengoba ukuzethemba kwabathengi kuqhubeka nokuphahlazeka, futhi ikusasa lezinkampani ezifana ne-GM liyangabazeka, akubukeki sengathi ukuthengiswa kwezimoto kuzokhuphuka noma nini maduze.Beka u-2 no-2 NdawonyeUmbuzo kubatshalizimali bempahla, ngakho-ke, ukuthi amanani entengo ahlukene asetshenziswa kanjani ekufuneni izimoto. Uma abakhi bezimoto bekhiqiza izimoto ezimbalwa ngo-10% noma ngo-20% ngonyaka ozayo, yiziphi izimakethe ezizolimaza kakhulu? Phezulu ohlwini - i-aluminium. Ngo-2005, ingxenye yesithathu egcwele yokusetshenziswa kwe-aluminium eNyakatho Melika kwathiwa ihlobene nomkhakha wezokuthutha - lokho okungamaphawundi ayizigidi ezingu-8,683 e-aluminium. Iziqukathi nezinto ezipakishwayo zidle omunye u-20% we-aluminium, kanti u-14% we-aluminium ungene ekwakheni nasekwakhiweni. Ukwehliswa kwesidingo ngo-10-20% okuthinta ingxenye yesithathu egcwele yemakethe ye-aluminium kuyigalelo elikhulu ensimbi. IPlatinamu ingenye yensimbi engase ihlaselwe kakhulu ngenxa yokwehla kwesidingo ngenxa yokwehla kokuthengwa kwezimoto kanye nosongo olungeziwe lwensimbi. ubuchwepheshe obusha obunganciphisa inani lensimbi edingekayo emotweni ngayinye. Uma amanani ehla ngokwenele, singabona ukwenyuka kokuthengiswa kobucwebe - okuwukuphela kwesidingo esikhulu somshayeli weplatinamu. Kodwa ngezikhathi zokuwohloka komnotho, cishe ngeke sibone ukweqa okukhulu kwesidingo se-bling.How about steel? Njengengxenye enkulu yazo zonke izimoto ezisemgwaqeni, ungacabanga ukuthi insimbi isengozini - kodwa mhlawumbe akunjalo. Iqiniso liwukuthi, nakuba kuyimboni ebalulekile, izimoto zimelela ingxenye encane nje yemakethe yensimbi. Izimpahla ezimhlophe, amabhuloho, amadamu, izakhiwo kanye nenqwaba yezinye izimboni zisebenzisa insimbi. Ngo-2007, kwakhiqizwa amathani ensimbi angu-1,343.5 million emhlabeni, ngokusho kwe-International Iron and Steel Institute. Lokho kwenza ukuthengwa konyaka kwe-GM okungamathani ayizigidi eziyisi-7 kubukeke njengeconsi nje ebhakedeni.Imali esiliva? Izintengo eziphansi zensimbi zingasho ukonga okukhulu kubakhiqizi bezimoto uma izinkontileka zabo zempahla zamanje zizoxoxisana. Kunobunye ubufakazi bokuthi abenzi bezimoto e-India bangase baqale ukubona amamajini abo ethuthuka njengoba beqala ukukwazi ukusizakala ngezindleko eziphansi zokufakwayo. Inkinga eyodwa encane - basadinga ukuthengisa izimoto ngempela ukuze benze imali, kodwa hey, inkinga eyodwa ngesikhathi, sicela. Amanani Akamuva EnsimbiIzinkontileka Zensimbi ZaseMeditheraLME I-Far East Steel ContractsLME Ibanga Le-Copper ALME Standard LeadPlatinum Falls as Equity Decline Renews Growth, Ukukhathazeka Okufunwayo Bloomberg, Nov. 11, 2008Abenzi bezimoto bangabona inzuzo iba ngcono njengoba amanani ensimbi ehla eNew Delhi