Magalimoto ndi Zitsulo, Zitsulo ndi Magalimoto

Zedi muli ndi mipando yanu yachikopa, zotengera makapu apulasitiki, matayala a rabara ndi mazenera opangidwa ndi galasi lotetezera. Koma zambiri zomwe zimapangitsa kuti galimotoyo isunthike ndikukutetezani pamene mukuyenda mumsewu waukulu ndi zitsulo.Chitsulo ndicho chinthu chofala kwambiri mu galimoto. Pafupifupi 55% ya kulemera kwa galimoto kumachokera kuzitsulo, malinga ndi World Steel Association. Mu 2007, pafupifupi galimoto inali ndi mapaundi 2,400 azitsulo, ndipo pafupifupi galimoto yopepuka kapena SUV mapaundi 3,000 achitsulo. GM yokha imagula matani 7 miliyoni a zitsulo zokhazokha ndikugulitsanso kwa ogulitsa ake chaka chilichonse.Osati kupitirira, Aluminium Association imakhudza aluminiyamu ngati chitsulo chachiwiri-chodziwika kwambiri m'magalimoto - ndi mapaundi a 327 omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa galimoto yapakati kumpoto. Amereka. Mu 2007, pafupifupi kulemera kwa galimoto yatsopano ku U.S. yolemera mapaundi 4,144, zomwe zimangotengera 8% ya kulemera kwa galimoto chifukwa cha aluminiyamu. Komabe, mapaundi 327 kuchulukitsa magalimoto mamiliyoni ambiri ogulitsidwa ku U.S. Chaka chilichonse chimapanga msika wabwino.The London Metal Exchange imasonyeza 7% ya mkuwa wogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi makampani oyendetsa galimoto, koma ndendende kuchuluka kwa zitsulo m'galimoto yanu ndizovuta kudziwa.Tikudziwa kuti platinamu, palladium ndi rhodium amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri otembenuza catalytic. M'malo mwake, 60% ya platinamu imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makampani opanga magalimoto, ngakhale kuchuluka kwagalimoto iliyonse kumakhala kochepa kwambiri - pafupifupi magalamu 1 mpaka 1.5 - ndipo mwina akucheperachepera, pomwe makampani osiyanasiyana amagalimoto amalengeza zida zatsopano zomwe zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa magalimoto. zitsulo zamtengo wapatali zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga machitidwe awo. Ofufuza sakhulupirira kuti izi zidzakhudza kwambiri pakapita nthawi chifukwa galimotoyo idzapezeka ku Japan kokha. Kupatula apo, zolengeza izi sizimadzetsa njira yomwe imayamba kupangidwa nthawi yomweyo. Mazda adalengezanso chothandizira chofananira mu Okutobala chatha chomwe amayenera kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zamtengo wapatali ndi 70-90%. Koma mpaka pano, palibe chizindikiro kuti ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.)Koma dikirani, pali zinanso. Kutsogolera kumagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mabatire. Malata amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'ma solders, ndipo zinc imathandizira pakupanga zitsulo, zomwe zimathandiza kuteteza galimoto yanu ku zinthu zakunja. Cobalt amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'ma airbags komanso ngati chowonjezera pazinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimatha kulowa kapena kulowa mgalimoto yanu. Ngati mumayendetsa hybrid, muli ndi cobalt m'mabatire anu - mpaka 2.5 kg ngati muli ndi Prius.Ziwerengero za October za U.S. kugulitsa magalimoto kunali kotsika - kutsika ndi 32% kuyambira Okutobala 2007. Mwa Big Three automakers, GM inali yovuta kwambiri, kuwona malonda ake akutsika 45%. Ford ndi Chrysler sizinasiyidwenso, ndi malonda akutsika 30% ndi 35%, motero.Sizoipa chabe apa, ndizoipa ponseponse. Iceland idatsika ndi 86% ndipo Ireland idatsika ndi 55%. Chabwino, Iceland siyomwe ikuyendetsa galimoto, koma simunganyalanyaze manambala ngati amenewo.J.D. Power and Associates ikuneneratu kuti kuchuluka kwa magalimoto opepuka atsopano ku U.S. adzatsikira ku mayunitsi 13.6 miliyoni mu 2008, kenako ku 13.2 miliyoni mu 2009. Europe ikuyembekezeranso kutsika kwa 3.1% mu 2008. Msika wamagalimoto waku China ukukulabe, koma, monga chuma chonse cha China, kukula kukucheperachepera. J.D. Mphamvu zikuyerekeza kuti mayunitsi 8.9 miliyoni adzagulitsidwa mu 2008 - kukula kolemekezeka kwa 9.7% kuposa manambala a 2007. Wolemekezeka mpaka mutafanizira ndi kukula kwa 2007 kwa 24.1%.Ndipo ndi chidaliro cha ogula chikupitirizabe kuwonongeka, ndipo tsogolo la makampani monga GM akukayikira, sizikuwoneka ngati malonda a galimoto adzabwereranso posachedwa.Ikani 2 ndi 2 PamodziFunso kwa ogulitsa katundu, ndiye, ndi momwe mitengo yazinthu zosiyanasiyana imakhudzidwira pakufunidwa kwagalimoto. Ngati opanga magalimoto amapanga 10% kapena 20% magalimoto ochepa chaka chamawa, ndi misika iti yomwe ingapweteke kwambiri?Pamwamba pa mndandanda - zotayidwa. Mu 2005, gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu aliwonse a aluminiyumu ku North America adagwiritsidwa ntchito chifukwa cha mayendedwe - ndiwo ma pounds 8,683 miliyoni a aluminiyamu. Zotengera ndi zonyamula zidadyanso 20% ya aluminiyamu, ndipo 14% ya aluminiyamu idayamba kumanga ndi kumanga. Kuchepetsa kwa 10-20% kwa kufunikira komwe kumakhudza gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a msika wa aluminiyamu ndikugunda kwakukulu kwa zitsulo.Platinum ndi chitsulo china chomwe chikhoza kugunda kwambiri chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa malonda chifukwa cha kutsika kwa malonda a galimoto komanso kuopseza anawonjezera. matekinoloje atsopano omwe angachepetse kuchuluka kwachitsulo chofunikira pagalimoto iliyonse. Mitengo ikatsika mokwanira, titha kuwona kuwonjezeka kwa malonda a zodzikongoletsera - chinthu china chokhacho chofunikira kwambiri choyendetsa platinamu. Koma mu nthawi za kuchepa kwachuma, mwina sitidzawona kulumpha kwakukulu kwa bling.How za chitsulo? Monga gawo lalikulu la magalimoto onse pamsewu, mungaganize kuti zitsulo zili pachiwopsezo - koma mwina ayi. Chowonadi ndi chakuti, ngakhale ndi makampani ofunikira, magalimoto amaimira gawo laling'ono la msika wazitsulo. Katundu woyera, milatho, madamu, nyumba ndi miyandamiyanda ya mafakitale ena amagwiritsa ntchito zitsulo. Mu 2007, matani 1,343.5 miliyoni azitsulo adapangidwa padziko lonse lapansi, malinga ndi International Iron and Steel Institute. Izi zimapangitsa kugula kwapachaka kwa GM kokwana matani 7 miliyoni kumawoneka ngati dontho chabe mu ndowa. Mitengo yachitsulo yotsika ingatanthauze kupulumutsa kwakukulu kwa opanga magalimoto ngati mapangano awo amakono akuyenera kukambitsirana. Pali umboni wina woti opanga magalimoto ku India ayamba kuwona kuti mipata yawo ikuyenda bwino pamene ayamba kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zotsika mtengo. Vuto limodzi laling'ono - amafunikirabe kugulitsa magalimoto kuti apeze ndalama, koma, vuto limodzi panthawi, chonde.Mitengo Yaposachedwa ya ZitsuloLME Mediterranean Steel ContractsLME Far East Steel ContractsLME Copper Grade ALME Standard LeadPlatinum Falls as Equity Decline Renews Growth, Zofuna Zofuna Bloomberg, Nov. 11, 2008Opanga magalimoto atha kuwona kuti phindu likuyenda bwino mitengo yazitsulo ikutsika New Delhi