Weeds on the Lapel: Biology and Jewelry

nā poʻo inoa a mai nā mea ʻike ʻole ʻia. ʻO ia koʻu ʻaneʻane nalowale a

memo nui me ke poʻomanaʻo: Invasive Species Tiara. ʻO kēia

He mea ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole wau i ʻike i ka mea nāna i hoʻouna mai, akā ua hana kekahi mea iaʻu

ʻaʻole i paʻi i ka pihi "delete", a hauʻoli nui wau

ʻaʻole. ʻO ka leka mai Jan Yager, ka mea nāna i hana Invasive

ʻAnoʻano: He Tiara Kanikau ʻAmelika--he ʻāpana nani maoli i hana ʻia

gula a me ke kala (mea

stories/tiara/index.html). Ua haʻi wau i kēia hana ma kahi hōʻike I

hāʻawi i kahi hālāwai kūkā. Heluhelu ʻo Jan e pili ana iā ia ma ka Pūnaewele

(

sva/media/1403/large/Proceedings2005.pdf) a hoʻopili mai iaʻu--kekahi o ka

pono o ka leka uila, lawa no ke kaulike i ka

ka huhū o ka leka uila.

Ua haʻi au iā Yager's Tiara ma ke ʻano he laʻana o ka pilina aʻu i ʻike ai

ma waena o nā mea nani a me ka biology. ʻO ke komo ʻana i nā mea hoʻonani e hōʻike ana i nā mea kanu a

hahau mai na holoholona ia'u ma ke ano he hoike o ka biophilia. ʻO Edward ka mea olaola

O. Ua wehewehe ʻo Wilson (1984) i ka biophilia ma ke ʻano he makemake maoli o ke kanaka e loaʻa

pili me nā ʻano ʻano ʻē aʻe. Ua wehewehe ʻo Wilson e pili ana i kahi pono

e hoʻolilo i ka manawa ma nā wahi kūlohelohe, i hoʻopuni ʻia e nā holoholona a me nā mea kanu. Oi

e ho'āʻo hoʻi e hoʻokō i ko mākou makemake biophilic ma ka hoʻopuni ʻana iā mākou iho

me nā mea kanu, nā holoholona, ​​a me nā hiʻohiʻona o nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona. Ma kahi

'atikala mua ABT, ua wehewehe au i ka hohonu a me ka laula o keia penchant

e pili ana i nā hōʻike TV a me nā hana noʻeau (Flannery, 2001). Ua loaʻa iaʻu

i kākau ʻia e pili ana i ka pilina ma waena o ka biophilia a me ka hoʻonaninani kūloko

(Flannery, 2005). Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia kēlā mau hōʻike i loko wale nō

ko makou mau home aka, ma ko makou kino, ma ke ano o na mea nani. Mai ka biophilia

Me he mea lā he ʻano genetically influenced, ʻaʻole ia he mea kupanaha

ʻo nā kāhiko pilikino me nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona

loaʻa i nā moʻomeheu a puni ka honua. He ʻoiaʻiʻo kēia i kēia manawa a ma ka

hala. Makemake wau e waiho i nā hōʻike no kēia koi ma ʻaneʻi a i kēia manawa pū kekahi

ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa e hoʻomaopopo i nā haumāna i ka biophilia a me kāna

ʻO nā hōʻikeʻike he ala e hoʻonui ai i ko lākou naʻau i ke kaiapuni

nā pilikia a e hōʻike i ka pili ʻana o ka biology i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o kā mākou

moʻomeheu.

Nā mea nani o ka wā i hala

E hoʻomaka wau me kekahi mau laʻana o nā mea nani kahiko mai kahi helu

o nā moʻomeheu like ʻole e hōʻike i ka mōʻaukala lōʻihi o ke ʻano

hōʻike i nā mea hoʻonani kino a me ka laulā ʻāina o

keia maa. Ke hōʻike nei au i kēia noiʻi no ka mea kekahi o nā laina o

nā hōʻike i hoʻohana ʻia e Wilson a me nā mea ʻē aʻe e kākoʻo i ka manaʻo o kahi genetic

ʻO ke kumu o nā ʻano kanaka ke koi i ko lākou mau wahi āpau. He kao Minoan

pendant mai 1500 BC, he lei ʻAigupita kahiko me nā hawks, a me ka

ʻO ka puʻu Roma me ka ʻaeto a me kāna mea pio e hōʻike ana i koʻu manaʻo. Aa

ʻO ka ʻāina e hāʻawi mai i nā mea hoʻonani: he pendant peʻapeʻa Kina, he nahesa Aztec

brooch, he lei manu Baule mai Ivory Coast, a me na apo pepeiao me

nā manu enameled mai ka medieval Ukraine. Hiki i kēia papa inoa ke hele mau, akā

ʻo kēia mau hiʻohiʻona liʻiliʻi e hōʻike i nā mea nani i ke ʻano o

ʻO nā mea ola, ʻoi aku nā holoholona, ​​aia ma waena o nā moʻomeheu kanaka

manawa a me ka hakahaka.

E hele ana au i kēia manawa i ka moʻomeheu Western no ka mea ʻo ia

kahi a mākou e noho nei, ma ka ʻāina, ka moʻomeheu, a no ka hapa nui,

noʻonoʻo a me ka naʻau. Eia ka moʻomeheu o nā kiʻi holoholona a me nā mea kanu

i ke kāhiko pilikino he ikaika loa. Makemake au e hoʻomaka ma

ʻAʻole ʻōlelo pololei i kahi laʻana o nā mea nani, akā, he ʻaoʻao mai a

Buke Renaissance o na hora. He mau kiʻi nani kona ma kona palena,

me kahi lei pua. Nui nā pendants ʻē aʻe i kiʻi ʻia

manaʻo hoʻomana. Hōʻike kēia ʻaoʻao i ka neʻe ʻana i ka nānā ʻana

ʻano e loaʻa ai ke Akua, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kahi theology kūlohelohe. Minao

e lilo i kaula ikaika loa ma Beretania i ka 19

kenekulia a he mea koʻikoʻi ia i ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā hōʻike no ka evolution. Nā i

Eia kekahi, e like me ka helu ʻana o nā mea kākau moʻolelo, ʻo ka manaʻo hoʻomana

mea nui i ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻepekema hou i ka hopena o ka Middle Ages, ka

Renaissance, a ma waho aku (White, 1979).

Ua kau ʻia ka pendant pua ma kēia ʻaoʻao manuscript ma ke ʻano he

hoailona hoomana. Hōʻike nā pua i ka maʻemaʻe a me ka nani, a maopopo

maanei, ke aniani nei ka nani o ka pua i ka nani o ke kaikamahine puupaa

kiʻi ʻia ma ka ʻaoʻao like. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kiʻi mea kanu a me nā holoholona i nā mea nani

he mea hoailona pinepine. No ka laʻana, hiki i kahi pine ʻaeto ʻAmelika ke kuhikuhi

aloha ʻāina. Hiki ke hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻia ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kiʻi organik i

ʻOi aku ka moʻomeheu ma mua o ke kumu biologically, ʻo kēia mau kiʻi

he mea nui ma muli o kā lākou mea e hōʻike ai ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻomana,

lāhui, a i ʻole manaʻo politika. He mea paʻakikī ke koi aku i ka biophilic

koʻikoʻi o kahi pine ʻaeto ʻAmelika no ka lā ʻehā o Iulai a i ʻole o

shamrocks ma ka lapel no St. Patrick's Day.

Akā, ʻaʻole wau i manaʻo he hōʻike ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea ola ma ke ʻano he hōʻailona

kū'ē i ke koʻikoʻi o ka biophilia. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o nā holoholona a me

hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā mea kanu e like me ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻana o nā hōʻailona, ​​ʻaʻole

kū'ē, i ke koʻikoʻi o ka biophilia. Ke ho'āʻo nei e hōʻike i ka manaʻo hohonu

nā manaʻoʻiʻo a me nā manaʻo, ua hele pinepine nā kānaka i ke ola

honua no nā hōʻailona. ʻOi aku paha ia ma mua o ka coincidence a mākou e hoʻohana ai i nā mea ʻē aʻe

ʻano a me ko lākou mau ʻano like ʻole ma nā ʻano like ʻole a me ka hōʻailona

he nui na mea like ole. E ʻoluʻolu loa mākou e hana

ʻO nā hōʻailona e pili ana i nā meaola e hōʻike ana i ka wā e nānā ai mākou e loaʻa

nā ala e hōʻike ai i nā manaʻo a me nā manaʻoʻiʻo, huli mākou i ka mea i kamaʻāina loa

mākou. i nā mea a mākou i manaʻo nui ai, ʻo ia hoʻi nā ʻano ola ʻē aʻe.

ʻO kekahi laʻana mai ke kenekulia 16, he pendant swan, a

hui pū ʻana o nā mea kūlohelohe a me nā mea i hana ʻia e ke kanaka. He momi ʻano ʻē

hoʻokumu i ke kino o ka swan, a ʻo ke koena o ka holoholona i haku ʻia

enamelwork a me nā mea nani. ʻO Evelyn Hutchinson (1965) ka mea ʻike kaiaola e hoʻomaopopo i kēlā

ʻo ia mau mea hoʻonani, ua hana ʻia ka hapa nui o lākou i nā kenekulia 16 a me 17

nā laʻana o ka hui ʻana o ke akamai a me ka ʻepekema, ka hoʻonaninani a me ke kūlohelohe

mōʻaukala. No ia, hōʻike lākou i ka manawa ma mua o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana ma waena

ʻenehana a me ka ʻepekema, ma mua o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hale kiʻi kiʻi a me nā hale hōʻikeʻike ʻepekema. Minao

ua hoʻi i ka wā i loaʻa ai nā keʻena o nā mea hoihoi e waiho ana i nā mea

mai nā aupuni ʻelua, a ma ke ʻano o ia mea nani, nā mea i hui pū ʻia

na aupuni elua.

ʻO kēia manaʻo pili ma waena o ke kāhiko a me ke ʻano. ma waena o ke akamai

a me ka ʻepekema, i ka wā o ka Renaissance ua nānā iki ʻia

ala ʻokoʻa na Pamela Smith (2003). Ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia ʻo nā mea hana lima e like me

Ua kōkua nā mea hana gula a me nā mea hana keramika i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mea hou

ʻepekema ma o ka hana ʻana i nā hōʻike maoli o nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona. I ka

e hoʻokō i nā kiʻi like ʻole o nā holoholona liʻiliʻi e like me nā salamanders, nā mea hana gula

lawe i nā holoholona ola, hoʻolohi iā lākou ma ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana iā lākou

i loko o ka mimi a i ʻole ka vīnega, a laila e hoʻopaʻa iā lākou i loko o ka plaster i mea e like ai ke ola

poʻo. Hoʻohana ʻia kahi hana like me nā mea kanu. ʻO kēia ʻenehana

a laila lawe ʻia e nā ceramists e like me Bernard Palissy i ʻike ʻia no kāna

nā pā i kāhiko ʻia me nā nahesa, nā rana, a me nā lau (Amico, 1996). Smith

ʻōlelo ʻo ia i ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka naturalism, pono nā mea hana lima e hoʻohui i ka ʻike

i kā lākou hana me ka nānā pono ʻana i ke ʻano, me ka mālama ʻana

nā mea hoʻohālike a me ka nānā pono ʻana iā lākou. ʻIke ʻo ia i kahi loulou dosis ma aneʻi

ma waena o ka "ʻike" a me ka "hana," ma waena o nā mea kūlohelohe

hōʻike a me ka puka ʻana mai o kahi moʻomeheu ʻike hou i koʻikoʻi

ʻike maka a me ka ʻike maka. Ua hoʻololi kēia mau mea i ka

ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻepekema hou me kona manaʻo nui i ka nānā pono ʻana.

No laila hiki ke hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻia ka pilina ma waena o nā mea nani a me ka biology

ma waho aʻe o ke kumuhana i ke kumu o ka noiʻi ʻepekema ponoʻī.

ʻO Art Nouveau a me nā mea ʻē aʻe

I ka ho'āʻo ʻole e hoʻopiʻi i kaʻu manaʻo me kahi papa inoa lōʻihi o

laʻana, e lele au mai ke kenekulia 16 a hiki i ka 19. Ka hopena o

ʻike ke kenekulia 19 a me ke kenekulia 20 i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka Art

ʻO ka neʻe ʻana o Nouveau i lawe pū me ia i nā mea nani nani

waiwai i nā kiʻi o nā mea ola (Moonan, 1999). He brooch peacock Lalique

he hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi e hui pū ana i ka realism a me ka stylization. Aloha i

He kūlohelohe maoli ke kino o ka manu a ʻo ka hulu huelo

nani a maʻalahi. Keia interplay o ka maʻalahi me

ʻO ka mea maoli kahi hiʻohiʻona o nā hoʻolālā he nui mai ke ʻano, a aia

nā puke holoʻokoʻa i kākau ʻia ma kēia kumuhana i ka hopena o ke kenekulia 19.

ʻO ka laka kākalai a Lumen Gillard kekahi laʻana o kēia

interplay, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kāhiko lauoho orchid a Philippe Wolfers

ʻoiaʻiʻo (Moonan, 2000). ʻO ka liʻiliʻi loa e like me ka mea maoli,

no ka mea, he pua gula i uhi ʻia me nā daimana a me nā rubi.

ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ia mau mea nani he pilikia hoihoi i ka hoʻohana ʻana

nā mea kūpono. Me he mea la e pili ana i ka hoohana ana i ka

ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o nā minelala e hōʻike i nā pua ʻoi loa. I ka

ʻO kekahi ʻaoʻao, he mea kūpono ke hoʻohana ʻana i nā pōhaku makamae e hana i kahi

kumu hoʻohālike o ia pua makamae. Ma kahi brooch na Paulding Farnham,

kekahi mea hoʻolālā o ka makahiki 20, ka huahana o kekahi mea ola

Hoʻohana ʻia ka mea e hōʻike i kekahi: he chrysanthemum i hana ʻia me nā momi, me

ka ʻono o nā momi he hōʻailona kupanaha o ka ʻono o

mum petals.

I kēia manawa makemake wau e neʻe i waena o ke kenekulia a haʻi i ʻelua mau mea nui

ʻāpana e hōʻike ana i nā manawa. ʻO kekahi, he brooch manu manaʻo na Jean

ʻO Schlumberger a me nā mea ʻē aʻe he mea hoʻohiwahiwa nautilus shell brooch e

Martin Katz. ʻO kēia, e like me ka hapa nui o nā ʻāpana mai ka wā Art Nouveau

Ua ʻōlelo wau, he brooches. He hopena kēia o

ke koho ʻana, akā ʻo ia hoʻi ma muli o ka preponderance o nā ʻano organik i

nā mea nani i nā pine. Noho nā brooches ma ka poʻohiwi a pēlā pū kekahi

ʻike ʻia, a no ka mea he maʻa mau kēia ʻāpana o ka lole, ʻo lākou

e hoʻohui i ka nani nui. Eia kekahi, hiki ke nui i ke kino

ʻike ʻia: He mea paʻakikī ke kau ʻana i kahi orchid ma ke apo. Aloha i

ʻO ka flamboyance o kēia mau ʻāpana he hōʻailona ia o ka flamboyance o ka

ka wā ma hope o ke kaua, ʻoiai ma kekahi mau pōʻai ua nui ke kālā a ma laila

he mau kumu e hoʻolauleʻa ai. ʻOiai au i koʻikoʻi i ka pipiʻi

nā mea nani, nā ʻano hoʻolālā like i kānana ʻia a hiki i ke kāhiko lole

makeke, e like me ka hōʻike ʻana o nā hale kūʻai mea kūʻai ma nā mākeke puaʻa i kēia lā. ʻO kēia

ʻoi aku ka hihia i nā makahiki ma hope o ka Great Crash o 1929 i ka wā

ua hoʻāʻo ka poʻe waiwai mua e hoʻomau i ka nānā ʻana i kēlā ʻano ma ka ʻaʻahu ʻana

nā ʻāpana kāhiko lole. E like me Gabriella Mariotti (1996) helu

i waho, ʻo ka nui o nā mea kūleʻa loa o kēia mau hoʻopunipuni he mau hōʻike

pua, mai aniani pansies a enamel tulips studded me rhinestones.

Na Lai i keia la

I kēia manawa, nui ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea ola ma

mea nani. ʻO kekahi o nā mea i kēia lā no nā brooches pua lole, a eia hou,

mai ka stylized, e like me ka pua polka dot generic, a hiki i ke kilika

nā pua paʻakikī e ʻike mai ka mea maoli. Aia nō ka

like ka pilina o ka maʻalahi a me ka mea maoli i nā kuʻuna

ʻāpana. Ua haku ʻia he lei na ka mea pena kiʻi o New Zealand ʻo Ruth Baird

metala o ka lau o ka mea kanu maoli, pohutukawa--me

ka kaʻawale ʻana o ka lau mai kāna mea kanu e hoʻolima ʻia. I ka

ʻO ka lima ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka hana a David Freda he mea maoli maoli, a he mea kupaianaha maoli nō

(Gans, 2003). ʻAʻole ʻo kāna lei nahesa ʻEleʻele ʻEleʻele ʻĀkau

ʻO ka mea mua aʻu e kau ai ma koʻu ʻāʻī, akā he ʻāpana hoihoi ia.

ʻO kāna puʻupuʻu Pink Lady Slipper Orchid he mea kupanaha, ʻoiai hou

hewa iki a i ʻole he mea ʻē aʻe, a hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia no kāna

Tomato Hornworm Caterpillar brooch.

He mea hoʻomanaʻo kēia mau ʻāpana e hōʻike ʻia nā mea hoʻopailua

maʻa mau i nā mea nani: hoʻololi ʻia ka slimy a/a i ʻole ka pōʻino

ka mea nani. Pili hou paha kēia i ka biophilia. Ma ka puke a Wilson

ma ke kumuhana, aia kekahi mokuna no na nahesa. Ma laila ʻo ia e kākau ai

hōʻike no ka mea i ʻike ʻia he makaʻu i hānau ʻia i nā nahesa i loaʻa

hui pū ʻia me ka hoihoi no kēia mau mea ola. ʻO ka makaʻu a me ka hoihoi

he mau ʻano hoihoi nui i nā nahesa i loaʻa i kahi

pono kūpono, kōkua i ke kanaka e pale i ka nahu ʻia e nā nahesa ʻawaʻawa. ʻO kēia paha ka hoihoi i ke kumu o ka

ka hoʻonanea ʻana i nā mea hoʻolele e like me ke kāhiko kino. Hiki iā mākou

he mea hoihoi i ka lawe ʻana i ka mea hoʻopailua a hoʻololi iā ia i loko

ka nani: he mea hōʻoluʻolu paha ke hoʻokuʻu i kēia mau mea hiki ʻole ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia

nā mea i loko o ka metala paʻa a me nā mea nani.

ʻOiai ʻo ka hana a David Freda he mea maoli, ʻo John Paul

ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana a Miller. Ua nānā koke ʻia kahi ʻāpana Freda

he mea ola paha; ʻaʻohe hewa e hana ʻia me ia

ʻO nā mea nani a Miller. Maʻaneʻi ua wehe ʻia ka metala makamae

enamel: ʻōlinolino ke gula. He loea ʻo Miller

invertebrates--mai ka octopi a hiki i ka pipi lepo a me ka snails (Krupema, 2002):

Eia hou, ʻaʻole pono kēia mau holoholona ma ka papa inoa o kekahi

nā holoholona punahele, akā nani wale kāna hana, me nā mea hoʻohui

hoihoi o ka biologically fascinating. E hoʻopaʻa wau iaʻu iho

i ʻekolu ʻāpana ʻelele. He mau pendants a pau loa

kamahaʻo: he heʻe, he peʻapeʻa, a he snail. Nui ka poʻe e ʻike i ka

butterfly nani i ke ola maoli, no laila, ʻaʻole like ka hoʻololi ʻana ma aneʻi

radical like no ka heʻe a me ka snail. He enamled ka hope

ʻO ka pūpū a me ka heʻe nā lei gula liʻiliʻi no kona mau lole. Aia nō

ʻO kekahi mea nani nani ʻo Vina Rust i loaʻa iā ia ka hoʻoikaika ʻana mai

kiʻi botanical a me photomicrographs (

pacinilubel.com/exhibits/2006.06_01.html) Ua hana ʻo ia i apo

ua like ia me ka pauku kea ma o ka stamen. Loaʻa iā ia kahi Cell Stained

nā ʻāpana kālā me nā ʻāpana gula. Ua lawa kēia mau mea e hana ai a

lilo ka mea olaola i mea makemake i na mea nani.

ʻO Yager

ʻIke loa, kūpono nā mea nani a Jan Yager ma lalo o ke kumuhana o

nā mea nani o kēia wā. Ma hope o kā mākou hoʻololi ʻana i nā leka uila, ua hoʻouna ʻo Jan iaʻu i kahi ʻeke

ʻike e pili ana i kāna kiʻi. ʻO ia kaʻu i aʻo ai he a

kino nui o ka hana e hoike ana i na mea kanu. Akā e like me ka Invasive Species

ʻO Tiara, ʻo kāna mau ʻāpana e nānā i nā ʻano i manaʻo ʻia ʻaʻole pono

o ka hoike ana ma ke gula a me ke kala. Ua hana ʻo ia i kahi brooch dandelion nani, me nā lau kālā e hoʻomālamalama ana mai kahi pōhaku waena, e huli ana.

mai ke alanui e kokoke ana

kona keena. Ma laila ʻo ia e loaʻa ai nā manaʻo he nui--a

mea--no kana hana. I kekahi mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua ʻike ʻo ia

hoʻoholo e hoʻomaopopo hou i kona kaiapuni. Mai na alanui a me

alahele a puni kona keena, ua hōʻiliʻili ʻo ia i nā kīʻaha māwae, ʻeke paka,

a me na pahu poka i hookomoia iloko o na lei me ke gula

a me ke kala. Hoʻokumu ʻia nā hoʻolālā lei ma luna o nā mea nani ʻAmelika

ma ke ano he hoohiwahiwa i na Lenni Lenape Indians i noho mua ma kahi o

ʻO Philadelphia kahi i loaʻa ai iā Yager kāna studio (Rosolowski, 2001).

Ua hōʻiliʻili pū ʻo Yager i nā mea kanu i ulu ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao a me ka nele

hailona; ʻO ia kona hele ʻana mai e hana i ka brooch dandelion. Nā i

Eia kekahi, loaʻa iā ia kahi lau dandelion gula a me ke kālā me ka hehi huila

marks--he mea kupanaha ia--e like me ka lei chicory a me ka brooch purslane. Ma mua, ua noʻonoʻo ʻo ia i nā lei me kā lākou

nā mea pili i ka lāʻau a me nā mea kanu e like me nā ʻano like ʻole

ʻāpana. A laila, ʻike ʻo ia e pili ana lākou i nā mea kanu, ʻoiai ʻo ka paka

aia nā lau paka maloʻo i loko o nā ʻeke a ʻo nā kīʻaha māwae nā pahu no

cocaine i loaa mai ka lau coca. No laila ua hoʻohui ʻo ia i nā ʻano mea nani ʻelua

he hōʻike i kapa ʻia ʻo City Flora/City Flotsam i hōʻike ʻia ma nā hale ʻelua

ʻO ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo Victoria lāua ʻo Albert ma Lākana a me ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike o Fine Arts ma

Boston. Ma kēia mau hana a pau ke noi nei ʻo Yager iā mākou e nānā pono, i

mai hoʻokuʻu i nā ʻōpala a me nā nāhelehele; loaʻa iā lākou nā mea nani a me ka pana

ka nīnau o ka mea a mākou i manaʻo ai he nani. Pehea ka nui o ka nani i ka moʻomeheu

wehewehe? He nīnau kēia e hiki ke nīnau ʻia i ka waiwai o nā mea kanu

no ka mea, ʻaʻole ʻo ka "weed" he ʻāpana olaola, he waiwai ia

hoʻoholo mākou e pili ana i nā mea kanu.

He mea kupaianaha ka nānā ʻana o Yager i nā kikoʻī, hana iā ia

nā ʻāpana kūlohelohe maoli - ʻoiai ua hana ʻia i ka hapa nui

abiotic o ka media. Ua loaʻa iā ia kahi microscope no kahi kokoke

ka nānā ʻana, a ua hana ʻo ia i ka noiʻi ʻana i nā mea kanu āna i hoʻohana ai. ia ia

kāhāhā, ʻike ʻo ia i nā mea kanu i ʻāpana nui iā ia

ʻAʻole nā ​​ʻano ʻōiwi maoli ka kaiapuni. ʻO ka mea like paha,

ʻAʻole lākou i laila i ka wā i hele ai ka poʻe Lenni Lenape Indians i kēia ʻāina

(Brown, 1999). ʻO kēia ʻike i alakaʻi iā Yager e hana i ka

Manaʻo ʻia ʻo Tiara Invasive Species e ʻaʻahu ʻia e nā ʻano invasive loa o

a pau, ke kanaka. Ua hoʻopau ʻo ia i kāna hana ma The Tiara of Useful

ʻO ka ʻike, i kāhiko ʻia me ka rai, uala, clover, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe,

aia nā manaʻo moʻolelo ma kēia hana. No ka

ka palapala hoʻohui o ka American Philosophical Society, i hoʻokumu ʻia ma Philadelphia

i ka makahiki 1743 "no ka paipai ʻana i ka ʻike pono."

No nā haumāna e komo ana i nā kāhiko pilikino, ʻo ka hana a Yager he

kāhāhā: ʻO wai ka mea e manaʻo e hoihoi ka mea kūʻai i ka biology?

ʻOiai ʻaʻole lākou makemake e komo i kahi tiara (... a laila, ʻo ia

kekahi mea ʻokoʻa), ʻo ka manaʻo o kahi loulou ma waena o ka biology a me nā mea nani

kekahi mea a lakou i noonoo ole ai. Hiki ke kōkua kēia pilina

e ʻike lākou i nā loulou ʻē aʻe a no laila e ʻike i ka biology he mea liʻiliʻi

hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai ke koena o kā lākou ʻike.

Napi a me na Manu

Hoʻouna ʻia kekahi memo hoʻokahi i ka 20th century jewelry artist

e like me Yager. Ua hana ʻo Jennifer Trask i kahi pendant Japanese Beetle, me

ʻO nā pīkī Iapana maoli, he mau mea ʻino malihini ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa

(White, 2003). Ke pāʻani nei ʻo ia ma ke kumuhana attraction/repulsion, a ʻo ia

ʻO ka hana hoʻi he kuhikuhi i ka 19th century fad no nā meaola maoli e like me

kāhiko. ʻO ke kenekulia 19 me ka hana a Trask he pipi

brooch a me ka apo pepeiao. Ma ka "Beetle Abominations" a me nā manu ma

Bonnets: Zoological Fantasy in Late-Nineteenth-Century Dress, Michelle

Ua kākau ʻo Tolini (2002) i kēia ʻano hana, ka mea i holo e ola i nā pipi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i

nā kaulahao gula e piʻi ana ma nā poʻohiwi o nā wāhine. He mea pena kiʻi i kēia manawa,

ʻO Jared Gold, ke hāʻawi nei i nā cockroaches hissing ola i hoʻonani ʻia me nā kristal

a me nā mea pili like (Holden, 2006).

ʻO kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona ʻē aʻe a Tolini i ʻōlelo ai he ʻelua

nā apo pepeiao hummingbird, i hana ʻia mai ke poʻo o nā manu. ʻAʻole kēia

kaʻu kīʻaha kī, akā lawe mai ia i ka mea i ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he perversion o

biophilia: ʻO ka hoihoi ʻana i nā ʻano mea ʻē aʻe ke alakaʻi i ka pepehi ʻana i nā meaola

no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana iā lākou, e like me nā kīʻaha poʻo deer a me nā moena ʻili tiger.

Nui nā ʻano mea i lilo i mea make ma muli o kēia hoihoi, me ka

ʻO ke kenekulia 19 ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hulu manu a me nā manu holoʻokoʻa i nā pāpale, e like me

kekahi o nā ʻano pōʻino loa. No ka mea, nui nā haumāna i hoihoi

ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kino--ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kumuhana

ala hoihoi i nā pilikia o ka luku ʻana, nā ʻano malihini, a

mālama kaiapuni ma mua o ke ala kuʻuna o

e kūkākūkā ana i kekahi pilikia kaiapuni.

Na kēia kumuhana e noʻonoʻo i nā haumāna i kā lākou pilina ponoʻī

i ke ʻano, he aha nā mea ola a lākou e makemake ai e puni: kā lākou mau holoholona, ​​​​kā lākou

nā holoholona i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, ka poʻe polar bea a manō paha - a i ʻole ke kāʻei

ʻO nā apo pepeiao me nā orchids e lele ana mai

lakou. He kumuhana waiwai nui kēia i ka wā o ka ʻike

pookela. He ala nō hoʻi ia e ʻimi ai i ka pilina ma waena o ke kiʻi

a me ka ʻepekema. Ma ka hooikaika ana i na haumana e ike i ka ike ole

kekahi mea i hemo mai ke koena o ka mo'omeheu, aka, he hapa nui o

ʻo ia, ʻo Yager's tiara he kumu hoʻohālike maikaʻi loa.

Hoʻoulu kanaka

Aia kekahi mea nui e pili ana i kēia mea nani. Paul Shepard

(1996) hoʻopili pū i ka biology kanaka a me ka ʻano, akā me kahi ʻokoʻa

ʻO ke koʻikoʻi mai ka Wilson, kahi hoʻomohala ʻoi aku. Ke hoʻopaʻapaʻa nei ʻo ia

mai ka ulu ʻana o ke kanaka i loko o ka honua waiwai i nā mea ola ʻē aʻe a ua mau

pili me nā holoholona a me nā mea kanu, ua hana kēia i ka biology kanaka;

no laila, pono ia pilina no ka ulu kanaka maʻamau, ʻelua

kino a ʻoi aku paha ka mea nui, noʻonoʻo. Ma Natura a me

ʻO Madness (1982), ʻōlelo ʻo Shepard he mea pono ka pilina me ke ʻano

no ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa psychological maʻamau. Ke koi ikaika nei ʻo ia

me ka pilina pili ʻole me nā mea ola i ka wā o ka hoʻokumu ʻana

makahiki, hiki ke kanaka i ke kino kanaka makua ma ka psychologically infantilized

mokuʻāina, a ma muli o ka hopena ʻaʻole e manaʻo i ka hoʻokō a ʻike i ka huhū ʻo ia

ma ke kumu o ka hana ino.

Ua ʻōlelo pū ʻo Shepard he pono nā kiʻi o nā holoholona i mea hoʻomanaʻo

ka honua ola, ʻaʻole naʻe lākou i pani no ka ʻike ʻana i ke ola.

No laila hiki ke hana i nā mea nani i ke kūkulu ʻana i ka pono noʻonoʻo. Nā i

Eia hou, ke hoʻopaʻapaʻa nei ʻo Shepard e hana like nā mea kanu

hoonui i ka oo ana o ka noonoo kanaka. Hāʻawi nā mea kanu i ka hoʻopili maʻalahi

a koi aku i ko lakou malama, hoomanawanui, a me ka nana pono, Obviously, the

ʻokoʻa ka hālāwai kanu-kanaka mai ka hālāwai holoholona-kanaka, a

ʻO kēia ka mea nui o ka snore ʻoiai ʻo ia ka mea e hānai ai i ka hoʻomohala ʻana

o na pane noonoo like ole. In Nature Green/Human Nature: The Meaning

o Plants in Our Lives, kākau ʻo Charles Lewis (1996) e pili ana i nā ala he nui

ka mea kanu e hoʻoikaika i ko mākou ola, mai ko lākou waiwai therapeutic in

nā halemai i ko lākou waiwai leʻaleʻa ma nā paka a me nā pā hale. No laila a

He laʻana maikaʻi paha ka brooch chrysanthemum o kēia loulou, hiki iā mākou

e lawe pū me mākou.

Hiki paha iaʻu ke hana i nā koi nui no nā rhinestones a me ka siliki

nā pua, akā ʻo ka manaʻo holoʻokoʻa o kēia ʻatikala he mea hoʻonāukiuki, hana

noʻonoʻo ʻoe i kahi ʻāpana maʻamau o ko mākou ola ma kahi ʻano ʻokoʻa,

e kōkua iā ʻoe e ʻike i ka loulou ma waena o nā mea a mākou e ʻaʻahu ai a me ko mākou manaʻo e pili ana i ka

honua, a hope loa, e leʻaleʻa i ka hana ʻana, e ʻike i kēia loulou

hoihoi a hoihoi. Inā hiki iaʻu ke hana ʻepekema ʻelua, a laila e loaʻa iaʻu

ua hoʻokō ma kahi liʻiliʻi o kaʻu pahuhopu e hoʻonui i ka ʻepekema

pili i kaʻu mau haumāna.

Nā kuhikuhi

Amiko, L. (1996). Bernard Palissy: I Ka Huli o[ Honua Paradaiso.

Palika: Flammarion.

Brown, G. (1999). Jan Yager: Urban stigmata. Kahiko, 23(2),

19-22.

Flannery, M.C. (2001). Noho me nā mea ola. ʻO ka Biology American

Kumu, 63, 67-70.

Flannery, MC. (2005). ʻO Jellyfish ma ke kaupaku a me ka dia ma ka lua:

ʻO ka biology o ka hoʻonani o loko. Leonardo, 38 (3), 239-244.

Gans, J.C. (2003). ʻO ka honua liʻiliʻi a nui o David Freda.

Mea Hana Metala, 23(5), 21-27.

Holden, C. (2006). Roach brooch. ʻepekema, 312, 979.

Hutchinson, G.E. (1965). ʻO ka Ecological Theatre a me ka

Pāʻani Evolutionary. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

Krupenia, D. (2002). John Paul Miller. ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, 62(6),

44-49.

Lewis, C. (1996). Nature Green/Nature Human: The Meaning of Plants

i ko kakou Ola. Urbana, IL: Hale Paʻi o ke Kulanui o Illinois.

ʻO Mariotti, G. (1996). Fabulous fakes. FMR, 83, 117-126.

Moonan, W. (1999, ʻAukake 13). ʻO nā Dragonflies e ʻālohilohi ana e like me nā mea nani.

ʻO ka New York Times, F38.

Moonan, W. (2000, Nowemapa 10). He lanakila o ka orchids. ʻO New York

Manawa, F40.

Shepard, P. (1982). Nature a me ka pupule. Kapalakiko: Sierra Club.

Shepard, P. (1996). Meheu o ka Omnivore. Wakinekona, DC: Mokupuni

Paʻi.

Smith, P. (2003). ʻO ke kino o ka Artisan: Art and Experience in

ka ʻepekema ʻepekema. Kikako: University of Chicago Press.

Tolini, M. (2002). "Nā Nani Nani" a me nā manu ma luna

nā pāpale: Zoological noʻonoʻo i ka ʻaʻahu o ka hopena o ka makahiki ʻumikumamāiwa.

Nā Kiʻi ʻumikūmāiwa-Century Worldwide, 1(1). Loaʻa ma ka pūnaewele ma: 19the-artwordwide.org/spring_02/articles/toli.html.

Rosolowski, T. (2001). Ke komo nei i ka amnesia: Jan Yager's

hoʻonani mnemonic. Mea Hana Metala, 21(1), 16-25.

Keokeo, C. (2003). ʻO ke kūlana gula. American Craft, 63(4), 36-39.

White, Lynn. (1979). ʻEpekema a me ka manaʻo o ke kanaka iho: The medieval

kāʻei kua o ka hakakā hou. I loko o G. Holton & R. Morison

(Na Luna Hoʻoponopono), Nā palena o ka noiʻi ʻepekema, 47-59. Nu Ioka: Norton.

Wilson, E.O. (1984). Biophilia. Cambridge, MA: Ke Kulanui ʻo Harvard

Paʻi.

MAURA C. FLANNERY, DEPARTMENT EDITOR

MAURA C. ʻO FLANNERY ke Kumu o Biology a me ka Luna Hoʻokele o ka

Ke kikowaena no ke aʻo ʻana a me ke aʻo ʻana ma St. John's University, Jamaica,

NY 11439; leka uila: flannerm@stjohns.edu. Ua loaʻa iā ia kahi B.S. ma ka biology

mai ke Kulanui ʻo Marymount Manhattan; he M.S., no ka biology, mai Bosetona mai

Ke kula nui; a he Ph.D. i ka hoʻonaʻauao ʻepekema mai ke Kulanui o New York. ʻO kāna

ʻO ka makemake nui i ka haʻi ʻana i ka ʻepekema i ka mea ʻepekema ʻole a i loko

ka pilina ma waena o ka biology a me ke akamai.