Masora paLapel: Biology uye Jewelry

mazita uye anobva kune vasingazivikanwe vagamuchire. Ndiko ndakaita kunge ndarasika

meseji huru ine musoro unoti: Invasive Species Tiara. Izvi zvaiva

zvechokwadi zvisinganzwisisiki, uye ini ndakanga ndisingazivi mutumiri, asi chimwe chinhu chakandiita

kwete kurova bhatani re "delete", uye ndinofara ini

haana. Iyo meseji yakabva kuna Jan Yager, mugadziri weInvasive

Zvisikwa: An American Mourning Tiara--chidimbu chaicho chezvishongo zvakagadzirwa nazvo

goridhe nesirivha (chinhu

stories/tiara/index.html). Ndakanga ndataura nezvebasa iri mumharidzo I

akapa pamusangano. Jan akaverenga nezvazvo paWebhu

(

sva/media/1403/large/Proceedings2005.pdf) uye akandibata--mumwe we

zvakanakira zvemagetsi kutaurirana, zvakakwana kuenzanisa kunze kwe

kutsamwiswa kweiyo junk email.

Ndakapa Yager's Tiara semuenzaniso wehukama hwandinoona

pakati pezvishongo uye biology. Kupfeka zvishongo zvinomiririra zvirimwa uye

mhuka dzinondirova sechiratidzo chebiophilia. The biologist Edward

O. Wilson (1984) anotsanangura biophilia sechishuwo chemunhu chekuzvarwa nacho

kusangana nemamwe marudzi. Wilson anoitsanangura maererano nechido cheku

kupedza nguva munzvimbo dzechisikigo, dzakakomberedzwa nemhuka nemiti. Isu

edzawo kugutsa chido chedu chebiophilic nekuzvikomberedza

nezvinomera, mhuka dzinovaraidza, uye zvinomiririra zvinomera nemhuka. Mune an

pakutanga ABT chinyorwa, Ndakatsanangura kudzika uye upamhi penchant ichi

maererano nemitambo yeTV uye mabasa eunyanzvi (Flannery, 2001). Ndaitawo

yakanyorwa nezvehukama pakati pebiophilia nekushongedza kwemukati

(Flannery, 2005). Zvisinei, zviratidzo zvakadaro hazviwaniki chete mukati

mudzimba dzedu asi pamunhu wedu, muchimiro chezvishongo. Kubva pane biophilia

rinoratidzika kuva hunhu hunopesvedzerwa nemajini, hazvishamisi

kuti kuzvishongedza kwomunhu nezvinomiririra zvinomera nemhuka ndizvo

inowanikwa mutsika pasi rose. Izvi ndezvechokwadi iye zvino uye mune

yapfuura. Ndinoda kuisa humbowo hwechikumbiro ichi pano uye nekupawo

iyo nharo yekuita kuti vadzidzi vazive nezve biophilia uye yayo

maonesheni inzira yekuwedzera kunzwa kwavo kune zvakatipoteredza

nyaya uye kuratidza kuti biology inobatana sei nezvimwe zvikamu zvedu

tsika.

Zvishongo Zvekare

Ndichatanga nemimwe mienzaniso yezvishongo zvekare kubva kune nhamba

yetsika dzakasiyana-siyana kuenzanisira zvose zviri zviviri nhoroondo refu yechisiko

zvinomiririra muzvishongo zvemuviri uye zvakare hupamhi hwenzvimbo ye

tsika iyi. Ndiri kupa ongororo iyi nekuti imwe yemitsara ye

uchapupu hunoshandiswa naWilson nevamwe kutsigira pfungwa yemajini

hwaro hwemafambiro evanhu ndehwekureva kwese kwese. Mbudzi yeMinoan

pendant kubva 1500 BC, chishongo chekare cheEgypt chine hawks, uye a

Kubatana kweRoma negondo uye mhuka yaro zvese zvinoratidzira pfungwa yangu. Zvose

kondinendi inobereka zvishongo: Chinese bat pendant, nyoka yeAztec

brooch, shiri yeBaule inorembera kubva kuIvory Coast, uye mhete dzine

enameled shiri kubva medieval Ukraine. Rondedzero iyi inogona kuenderera mberi, asi

kunyange iyi mienzaniso mishoma inoita pfungwa yekuti zvishongo muchimiro che

zvipenyu, kunyanya mhuka, zviri kwose kwose pakati petsika dzevanhu pamusoro

nguva nenzvimbo.

Ini ndiri kuenda ikozvino zero muWestern tsika nekuti izvi ndizvo

kwatinogara, nharaunda, tsika, uye kazhinji,

mupfungwa nomupfungwa. Pano tsika yemifananidzo yemhuka nemiti

mukushongedza kwomunhu kunonyanya kusimba. Ndinoda kutanga

kutaura kwete muenzaniso wezvishongo zvakananga, asi pane kudaro, peji kubva a

Renaissance bhuku remaawa. ine mifananidzo yezvikomba pamuganhu wayo;

kusanganisira pendant yeruva. Mazhinji emamwe pendants ari pamufananidzo ane

kukosha kwechitendero. Peji ino inoratidza mafambiro ekutarisa

zvisikwa kuti uwane Mwari, ndiko kuti, kukura kwedzidziso yebhaibheri yechisikigo. Iyi

yaizove tambo yakasimba muBritain mu19th

zana remakore uye raive rakakosha pakuwedzera kweuchapupu hwekushanduka-shanduka. Muto

muwedzero, sezvakacherekedza chiverengero chakati chavanyori venhau, mufungo worudzidziso wakanga uri

yakakosha pakukura kwesainzi yemazuva ano mukupera kweMiddle Ages, the

Renaissance, uye mberi (White, 1979).

Ruva pendant yakaiswa pane ino manyoro peji sea

chiratidzo chechitendero. Maruva anofananidzira kuchena uye kunaka, uye zviri pachena

apa, kunaka kweruva kunoratidza kunaka kwemhandara

mufananidzo uri papeji imwe chete. Kushandiswa kwemifananidzo yemiti nemhuka muzvishongo

inowanzofananidzira. Semuenzaniso, pini yegondo rekuAmerica rinogona kureva

kuda nyika. Zvinogona kupokana kuti kushandiswa kweiyo organic mifananidzo mukati

zvishongo zviri netsika kupfuura biologically kwakavakirwa, kuti mifananidzo iyi

zvakakosha nekuda kwezvavanoreva maererano nechitendero,

zvitendero zvedzinza, kana kuti zvematongerwe enyika. Zvingave zvakaoma kutora iyo biophilic

kukosha kwepini yegondo rekuAmerica kweChina cheChikunguru kana che

shamrocks pa lapel yeSt. Patrick's Day.

Asi handifungi kuti kushandiswa kwezvipenyu sezviratidzo humbowo

zvinopesana nekukosha kwebiophilia. Iyo chaiyo yekuti mhuka uye

zvirimwa zvinogara zvichishandiswa sezviratidzo zvinopokana, pane kuti

zvinopesana, kukosha kwebiophilia. Pakuedza kutaura zvakadzama-zvainzwa

zvitendero uye zvishuvo, vanhu vane nguva nenguva vachienda kune vapenyu

nyika yezviratidzo. Zvinogona kuva zvinopfuura masanga kuti tishandise zvimwe

mhando uye kufanana kwavo munzira dzakawanda dzakasiyana uye kufananidzira

zvinhu zvakawanda zvakasiyana. Kuti tinoita senge takasununguka kugadzira

zviratidzo zvinobva pane zvipenyu zvichida zvinoratidza kuti patinotarisa kuwana

nzira dzekutaura pfungwa nezvitendero, tinotendeukira kune izvo zvinonyanya kujaira

isu. kune izvo zvatinonzwa zvakabatanidzwa zvakanyanya, zvinoti mamwe marudzi ehupenyu.

Mumwe muenzaniso kubva muzana remakore rechi16 ndeye swan pendant, a

kusanganiswa kwezvinhu zvakasikwa uye zvakagadzirwa nevanhu. Parera rine chimiro chisinganzwisisike

inoumba muviri wegudo, nepo imwe mhuka inoumbwa nayo

enamelwork uye zvishongo. Nyanzvi yezve ecologist Evelyn Hutchinson (1965) anoti

zvishongo zvakadaro, vazhinji vavo vakagadzirwa muzana remakore rechi16 nerechi17, vari

mienzaniso yekusanganiswa kwehunyanzvi nesainzi, yekushongedza uye yezvisikwa

nhoroondo. Kwaari, dzinomiririra nguva isati yapatsanuka pakati

art uye sainzi, kusati kwave nemamuseum eunyanzvi uye mamuseum esainzi. Iyi

yakanga yadzoka paive nemakabati ema curiosities aigara zvinhu

kubva kumativi ose maviri, uye munyaya yezvishongo zvakadaro, zvinhu zvinosanganiswa

nzvimbo mbiri.

Iyi pfungwa yekubatana pakati pekushongedza uye zvisikwa. pakati pe art

uye sainzi, panguva Renaissance yave ichionekwa mune zvishoma

nzira dzakasiyana naPamela Smith (2003). Anopikisa kuti mhizha dzakadai

vapfuri vegoridhe uye maceramicists vakabatsira mukuvandudza kwemazuva ano

sainzi nekugadzira zvinomiririra zvinomiririra zvinomera nemhuka. To

kuwana mifananidzo yakaita sehupenyu yemhuka diki senge salamanders, vapfuri vegoridhe

akasvika pakutora mhuka mhenyu, akadzinonotsa nokudzinyudza

muweti kana muvhiniga, wobva wazvinamira mupurasita kuti zvive sehupenyu

mold. Nzira yakafanana yakashandiswa nemidziyo yemiti. Iyi nzira yaive

ndokuzotorwa nemaceramists saBernard Palissy aizivikanwa nekwake

ndiro dzakashongedzwa nenyoka, matatya, nemashizha (Amico, 1996). Smith

inotaura kuti mukusundidzira kune zvakasikwa, nyanzvi dzaifanira kubatanidza unyanzvi

mumhizha yavo nekunyatsocherechedza zvisikwa, kusanganisira kubata

mienzaniso uye kunyora manotsi akangwarira pazviri. Anoona chinongedzo chedosi pano

pakati pe "kuziva" ne "kuita," pakati pezvakasikwa

kumiririra uye kubuda kwetsika itsva yekuona iyo yakasimbisa

munhu akazvionera uye akazvionera. Izvi zvakabva zvakanganisa

kuvandudzwa kwesainzi yemazuva ano nekusimbisa kwayo pakuona kwakananga.

Saka zvinogona kupokana kuti kubatana pakati pezvishongo uye biology inoenda

kupfuura nyaya kune musimboti wekuongorora kwesainzi pachayo.

Art Nouveau uye Beyond

Mukuedza kusaisa pfungwa yangu nerondedzero refu ye

mienzaniso, ini ndichasvetuka kubva muzana remakore rechi16 kusvika ku19. Kupera kwe

zana remakore rechi19 uye kutanga kwezana remakore rechi20 rakaona kukwirira kweArt

Nouveau movement iyo yakauya nayo yakawanda yezvishongo zvakanaka

akapfuma mumifananidzo yezvipenyu (Moonan, 1999). A Lalique peacock brooch iri

inomiririra inoshamisa inosanganisa realism uye stylization. Zviro

Muviri weshiri unongoenderana nezvakasikwa nepo minhenga yemuswe yakaita

yakaumbwa zvakanaka uye yakapfava. Uku kupindirana kwezvakareruka ne

chechokwadi chinhu chezvakawanda zvakagadziridzwa kubva kune zvakasikwa, uye zvaivepo

mabhuku ose akanyorwa panyaya iyi pakupera kwezana remakore rechi19.

Lumen Gillard's thistle locket mumwe muenzaniso weizvi

kupindirana, ukuwo Philippe Wolfers's ornament hair ornament is more

realistic (Moonan, 2000). Zvirinani ndezvechokwadi sezvazvingaite,

tichifunga kuti iruva regoridhe rakanamirwa nedhaimani nerubhi.

Kugadzirwa kwezvishongo zvakadaro idambudziko rinonakidza mukushandiswa kwe

zvinhu zvakakodzera. Zvinoita sechinhu chisiri kunze kwekushandisa iyo

mamineral akaoma zvikuru kumiririra maruva akapfava. Pa

rumwe rutivi, zvinoratidzika zvakakodzera kushandisa matombo anokosha kugadzira a

muenzaniso weruva rakakosha kudaro. Mune brooch naPaulding Farnham,

mumwe mugadziri wemuzana ramakore rechi20, chigadzirwa chemumwe mupenyu

chinhu chinoshandiswa kumiririra imwe: chrysanthemum yakagadzirwa nemaparera, ine

kunaka kwemaparera sechiratidzo chinoshamisa chekunaka kwe

amai petals.

Iye zvino ndinoda kuenderera mberi kusvika pakati pezana remakore uye nditaure maviri akawandisa

zvidimbu zvinoratidza nguva. Imwe ibhurugwa reshiri rinofarirwa naJean

Schlumberger uye imwe yacho yakanyatso stylized nautilus shell brooch na

Martin Katz. Izvi, sezvizhinji zvezvidimbu kubva panguva yeArt Nouveau

Ndataura, mabrooches. Izvi muchikamu mhedzisiro ye

Sarudzo, asi zvakare nekuti iyo preponderance yemaoga mafomu mukati

zvishongo zviri mumapini. Mabrooches anogara pamapfudzi uye saka anodiwa

zvinooneka, uye sezvo chikamu ichi chenguo chinowanzova chakajeka, ivo

wedzera kunaka kukuru. Uyezve, vanogona kunge vakakura zvakakwana saka chipenyu

zvinozivikanwa: Zvingave zvakaoma kuisa orchid parin'i. Zviro

flamboyance yezvidimbu izvi zvinoratidza flamboyance ye

mushure mehondo nguva, apo mune mamwe madenderedzwa mari yaive yakawanda uye ipapo

zvaiva zvikonzero zvokuipemberera. Ukuwo ndanga ndanyanya kufunga zvinodhura

zvishongo, mhando dzakafanana dzemagadzirirwo akasefa kusvika kune zvishongo zvezvipfeko

musika, sezvishongedzo zvezvishongo mumisika ine flea zvinonyatsoratidza nhasi. Izvi zvaiva

kunyanya zvakaitika mumakore akatevera Kuparara Kukuru kwa1929 apo

vaimbova vapfumi vakaedza kuramba vakatarira kudaro nokupfeka

zvidimbu zvakaomesesa zvezvishongo zvekupfeka. Sezvo Gabriella Mariotti (1996) anonongedza

kunze, mazhinji akanyanya kubudirira emanyepo aya aive anomiririra

maruva, kubva pagirazi pasies kusvika kune enamel tulips yakazara nemarhinestones.

Zvishongo Nhasi

Parizvino, kuchine kushandiswa kwakawanda kwezvipenyu mukati

zvishongo. Imwe yemafashoni nhasi ndeyemachira emaruva mabrooches, uye zvakare,

dzinosiyana kubva kune dzakashongedzwa, sezvakaita ruva remhando yepolka dot, kusvika kusilika

maruva ayo akaoma kutaura kubva kuchinhu chaicho. Kune zvakare

kupindirana kwakafanana kwezviri nyore uye zvechokwadi mune zvechinyakare

zvimedu. Necklace yeNew Zealand muimbi Ruth Baird inogadzirwa

simbi inomiririra yemashizha echirimwa chekuzvarwa, pohutukawa--ane

kupatsanurwa kweshizha kubva pachirimwa charo kuchida kurigadzira. Pa

rumwe rutivi, basa raDavid Freda rinonyatsoitika, uye rinoshamisa zvechokwadi

(Gans, 2003). Necklace yake yeNorthern Black Rat Nyoka yaisazove iyo

chinhu chekutanga ndairembera pamutsipa wangu, asi chimedu chinonakidza.

Yake Pink Lady Slipper Orchid brooch inoshamisa, asi zvakare

zvishoma zvakaipa kana zvisingaite, uye zvakafanana zvinogona kutaurwa kune zvake

Tomato Hornworm Caterpillar brooch.

Zvidimbu izvi zviyeuchidzo zvekuti zvisikwa zvinosemesa zvinoonekwa

nguva dzose muzvishongo: slimy uye/kana njodzi inoshandurwa kuita

zveumbozha. Izvi zvakare zvinogona kuenderana ne biophilia. Mubhuku raWilson

panyaya iyi, pane chitsauko chenyoka. Ikoko anonyora pamusoro

humbowo hwezvinoita kunge kutya nyoka kunozvarwa

akabatanidzwa nekufarira zvisikwa izvi. Zvose kutya uye kufarira

imhando dzekuwedzera kufarira nyoka dzingadai dzine

adaptive advantage, kubatsira vanhu kuti vasarumwe nenyoka dzine uturu. Zvichida ndiko kunakidzwa uku kuri pakati pe

kukwezvwa kune zvisikwa zvinodzinga sechishongo chemuviri. Tinogona

neimwe nzira kuwana zvinonakidza kutora zvinosemesa uye kuzvishandura kuita

iyo yakanaka: zvinogona zvakare kunyaradza kuomesa izvi zvisingadzoreki

zvisikwa musimbi yakasimba nematombo anokosha.

Nepo basa raDavid Freda riri rechokwadi, John Paul

Basa raMiller rinonyanya kunyorwa. Chimedu cheFreda chakakurumidza kutarisa

zvingaita sechinhu chipenyu; hapana kukanganisa kwakadaro kwaizoitwa

Zvishongo zvaMiller. Kuno simbi inokosha inofumurwa nayo

enamel: goridhe rinopenya nepakati. Miller anoshanda ne

invertebrates - kubva octopi kusvika kune nyuchi dzendove uye hozhwa (Krupema, 2002):

Zvakare, mhuka idzi dzaisazofanira kunge dziri pane chero munhu

anofarira mhuka dzinovaraidza, asi basa rake rakangonaka, pamwe nekuwedzera

kukwezva kuva biologically inonakidza. Ndichazvivharira

kutaura zvidimbu zvitatu zvinomiririra. Zvese pendants uye zvese zviri

zvinoshamisa: octopus, butterfly, uye hozhwa. Vazhinji vaizowana iyo

butterfly yakanaka muhupenyu chaihwo, saka shanduko pano haina kufanana

zvakakasharara sekunge octopus nehozhwa. Iyo yekupedzisira ine enameled

goko uye octopus ine tumabeduru egoridhe kune matende ayo. Zvakadaro

mumwe anoshamisa jeweler ndiVina Rust uyo anowana kurudziro yake kubva

mifananidzo ye botanical uye mafotomicrographs (

pacinilubel.com/exhibits/2006.06_01.html) Akagadzira ring

inofanana nechikamu chemuchinjikwa kuburikidza ne stameni. Anewo Stained Cell

zvidimbu zvesirivha zvine inlay dzegoridhe. Izvi zvakakwana kuita a

biologist inova munyanyisi wezvishongo.

Yager

Zviri pachena, zvishongo zvaJan Yager zvinokwana pasi pemusoro we

zvishongo zvemazuva ano. Mushure mekunge tapanana maemail, Jan akanditumira packet re

ruzivo nezve art yake. Ndomaziviro andakaita kuti ane

chikamu chakakosha chebasa rinoratidza zvirimwa. Asi kufanana neInvasive Species

Tiara, zvidimbu zvake zvinotarisa kune zvipenyu zvingasaonekwa sezvinokodzera

yomufananidzo wegoridhe nesirivha. Akaita danderion brooch yakaisvonaka, ine mashizha esirivha anopenya kubva padombo repakati, rinotenderera

kunze kuita girazi rekuchengetedza motokari Jan akanhonga kubva mumugwagwa uri padyo

studio yake. Ndiko kwaanowana mazano mazhinji--uye

zvebasa rake. Makore akati kuti apfuura, akaita chando

chisarudzo chekuziva zvakanyanya nezvenharaunda yake. Kubva mumigwagwa uye

munzira dzakatenderedza studio yake, akaunganidza mabhodhoro efodya,

uye akapedza mabhegi emabara aakaisa muhuro pamwe negoridhe

nesirivha. Magadzirirwo ehuro aive akavakirwa paAmerican Indian jewelry

semutero kune maIndia eLenni Lenape akambogara munzvimbo ye

Philadelphia uko Yager ane studio yake (Rosolowski, 2001).

Yager yakaunganidzawo zvinomera zvakakura mumigwagwa mitswe uye isina chinhu

mijenya; ndiyo nzira yaakauya nayo kugadzira dandelion brooch. Muto

pamusoro pazvo, ane shizha redandelion regoridhe nesirivheri rine tambo yekutsika

mamakisi--zvinoshamisa--sezvinoita chicory necklace uye purslane brooch. Pakutanga, akanga afunga nezvema necklaces neawo

zvinhu zvine chekuita nezvinodhaka uye zvishongo zvechirimwa semhando dzakasiyana kwazvo dze

zvimedu. Akabva aziva kuti zvose zvinosanganisira zvinomera, sezvo fodya

matako ane mashizha efodya akaomeswa uye macrack mabhodhoro anogashira

cocaine inotorwa kubva pamashizha ecoca. Saka akabatanidza mhando mbiri dzezvishongo mukati

chiratidziro chinonzi City Flora/City Flotsam chakaratidzwa kune ese ari maviri

Victoria neAlbert Museum muLondon uye Museum of Fine Arts in

Boston. Mumabasa ose aya Yager ari kukumbira kuti titarise zvakanyanya, kuti

usabvisa marara nemasora; ivowo vane zvinhu zvakanaka uye kusunda

mubvunzo wezvatinoona zvakanaka. Kuwanda kwerunako kune tsika

defined? Uyu mubvunzo unogona kubvunzwa kuti tinokoshesa sei zvirimwa

sezvo "sora" risiri chikamu chebiology, kukosha

kutonga kwatinoita pamusoro pezvirimwa.

Kutarisisa kwaYager kune zvakadzama kunoshamisa, kumuita

zvimedu zvemusikirwo zvakanyanya-- kunyangwe zvakasikwa zvakanyanya

abiotic yenhau. Akatowana microscope yepedyo

kucherechedza, uye akaita tsvakiridzo pazvinomera zvaanoshandisa. Kwaari

kushamisika, akawana kuti zvirimwa izvo zvakanyanya chikamu chake

zvakatipoteredza muzviitiko zvakawanda haasi marudzi ekuzvarwa. Pamwe chete,

vakanga vasipo pakafamba maIndia eLenni Lenape

(Brown, 1999). Kwaive kuziva uku kwakatungamira Yager kugadzira iyo

Invasive Species Tiara yaireva kupfekwa nemhando dzinonyanya kurwisa

zvose, munhu. Achangopedza basa paThe Tiara of Useful

Zivo, yakashongedzwa ne rye, mbatatisi, uye clover, pakati pevamwe, Zvakare,

pane zvirevo zvenhoroondo mubasa iri. Musoro wacho unobva ku

charter yeAmerican Philosophical Society, yakavambwa muPhiladelphia

muna 1743 "yeKukurudzira Ruzivo Runobatsira."

Kune vadzidzi vari mukushongedza kwemunhu, basa raYager i

kushamisika: Ndiani angafunga kuti jeweler angafarira biology?

Nepo vangave vasingade kupfeka tiara (... zvino zvakare, ndizvo

chimwe chinhu chakasiyana), pfungwa yekubatana pakati pebiology uye zvishongo ndeye

chinhu chavangadai vasina kumbofunga nezvazvo. Kubatana uku kunogona kubatsira

kuti vazive zvimwe zvinongedzo zvakadaro uye nekudaro kuona biology seyakaderera

vari voga kubva pane zvose zvavakasangana nazvo.

Zvipembenene neShiri

Imwe mhizha yezvishongo zvezana ramakore rechi20 inotumira meseji yakafanana

seYager. Jennifer Trask akagadzira yeJapan Beetle pendant, ine

zvipembenene zveJapan chaizvo, izvo zvipembenene zvekunze muUnited States

(White, 2003). Ari kutamba pamusoro pekukwezva/kuramba dingindira, uye iye

basa zvakare inoreva 19th century fad yezvipenyu chaizvo se

ornament. Imwe yezana ramakore rechi 19 inoenderana nebasa raTrask i bete

brooch uye mhete seti. Mu "Beetle Abominations" uye Shiri pamusoro

Mabhoneti: Zoological Fantasy muLate-Nineth-Century Dress, Michelle

Tolini (2002) anonyora nezve fadhi iyi, iyo yakamhanyira kunorarama zvipembenene zvakasungirirwa

ngetani dzegoridhe dzichikwira pamapendekete emadzimai. Mutambi wemazuva ano,

Jared Goridhe, ari kupa mapete anoridza muridzo akashongedzwa nekristaro

uye akafanana tethers (Holden, 2006).

Mumwe wemienzaniso inoshamisa inodudzwa naTolini ndeye maviri

mhete dzehummingbird, dzakagadzirwa kubva pamisoro yeshiri. Izvi hazvisi

kapu yangu yetii, asi inounza izvo zvinogona kuonekwa sekutsveyamisa kwe

biophilia: Kukwezvwa kune mamwe marudzi kunogona kukonzera kuuraya zvipenyu

kungodzichengeta dziri pedyo, semikombe yemisoro yenondo uye machira eganda retiger.

Mhando dzakawanda dzave mungozi nekuda kwekufarira uku, ne

Kushandiswa kwezana ramakore rechi 19 kweminhenga yeshiri uye kunyange yeshiri dzakakwana muheti, se

imwe yemaitiro ane ngozi zvakanyanya. Sezvo vadzidzi vakawanda vachifarira

chishongo chemuviri--chinonyanya kushamisa ndizvo zviri nani--nyaya iyi inogona kuva yakawanda

nzira inofadza munyaya dzekutsakatika, marudzi edzimwe nyika, uye

kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza kupfuura nzira yechinyakare ye

kukurukura nezveimwe dambudziko rezvakatipoteredza.

Nyaya iyi inoitawo kuti vadzidzi vafunge nezvehukama hwavo

kune zvakasikwa, izvo zvipenyu zvavanoda kuva nazvo: zvipfuwo zvavo, zvavo

mhuka dzakaputirwa, mapepa avo emapere kana shark - kana bhandi

sunga nebhuroko kana mhete dzine orchid dzakarembera kubva

ivo. Iyi inyaya yakapfuma inooneka muzera iro rinoonekwa riri

preeminent. Iyo zvakare nzira yekuongorora hukama pakati pehunyanzvi

uye sainzi. Mukuedza kuita kuti vadzidzi vaone kuti sainzi haisi

chimwe chinhu chakarambana kubva kune dzimwe tsika, asi zvakanyanya chikamu che

iyo, Yager's tiara muenzaniso unoshamisa.

Kubudirira Kwevanhu

Pane chimwe chinhu chinokosha pamusoro pechishongo ichi. Paul Shepard

(1996) inobatanidza biology yevanhu uye maitiro, asi zvakasiyana

kusimbiswa kubva kune yaWilson, imwe inosimudzira. Anopikisa izvozvo

sezvo vanhu vakashanduka munyika yakapfuma mune zvimwe zvipenyu uye yaive nekusingaperi

kusangana nemhuka nemiti, izvi zvakaumba biology yevanhu;

saka kubata kwakadaro kwakakosha pakukura kwemunhu, zvese zviri zviviri

muviri uye zvichida zvakatonyanya kukosha, zvepfungwa. Muzvisikwa uye

Madness (1982), Shepard anoti kusangana nemasikirwo chinhu chinodiwa

nokuda kwekukura kwepfungwa. Anotaura zvakasimba kuti

pasina hukama hwepedyo nezvinhu zvipenyu panguva yekuumba

makore, vanhu vanosvika pakukura kwemuviri muhucheche hwepfungwa

mamiriro, uye somugumisiro usanzwa kugutsikana uye kunzwa hasha ndiko

pamudzi wemhirizhonga zhinji.

Shepard anotiwo mifananidzo yemhuka inobatsira sezviyeuchidzo

nyika mhenyu, kunyangwe dzisiri zvinotsiva kuratidzwa kuhupenyu.

Saka kunyange zvishongo zvinogona kuita basa mukuvaka hutano hwepfungwa. Muto

Mukuwedzera, Shepard anopikisa kuti zvirimwa zvinoshanda nenzira yakafanana

kupfumisa kukura kwepfungwa dzemunhu. Zvirimwa zvinopa tactile kuonana

uye zvinoda kutarisirwa kwavo, kushivirira, uye kunyatsocherechedza, Zviri pachena, iyo

kusangana-kwemunhu kwakasiyana nekusangana kwemhuka-munhu, uye

izvi zvinoita kuti mhuno yose ive yakakosha sezvo ichikurudzira budiriro

yemhinduro dzakasiyana dzepfungwa. Muzvisikwa zvakasvibirira/Human Nature: Zvinorehwa

ye Plants in Our Life, Charles Lewis (1996) anonyora nezvenzira dzakawanda

kuti zvinomera zvinopesvedzera hupenyu hwedu, kubva mukukosha kwavo kwekurapa mukati

zvipatara kune yavo yekuvaraidza kukosha mumapaki nekuseri kwemba. Saka a

chrysanthemum brooch inogona kuva muenzaniso wakanaka weiyi link, imwe yatinogona

tenderera nesu.

Ndinogona kunge ndiri kuita zvichemo zvakakura zvemarhinestones uye silika

maruva, asi pfungwa yese yechinyorwa ichi ndeyekutsamwisa, kuita

iwe unofunga nezve chikamu chakajairika chehupenyu hwedu neimwe nzira,

kuti ikubatsire kuona kubatana pakati pezvatinopfeka uye mafungire atinoita nezve

nyika yechisikigo, uye pakupedzisira, kunakidzwa nekuzviita, kuona iyi link se

inonakidza uye inoda kuziva. Kana ndikakwanisa kuita sainzi zvese, ipapo ndichave nazvo

ndakazadzisa chimwe chikamu chechinangwa changu chekuita kuti sainzi ive yakawanda

zvinoenderana nevadzidzi vangu.

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Gans, J.C. (2003). Nyika diki, huru yaDavid Freda.

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Mwedzi, W. (1999, Nyamavhuvhu 13). Dragonflies dzinopenya sezvishongo.

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Press.

MAURA C. FLANNERY, DEPARTMENT EDITOR

MAURA C. FLANNERY ndiye Purofesa weBiology uye Director we

Center for Teaching and Learning paSt. John's University, Jamaica,

NY 11439; e-mail: flannerm@stjohns.edu. Akawana B.S. mune biology

kubva kuMarymount Manhattan College; an M.S., zvakare mune biology, kubva kuBoston

College; uye Ph.D. muzvidzidzo zvesainzi kubva kuNew York University. Her

zvishuwo zvikuru ndezvekutaura sainzi kune asiri wesainzi uye mu

hukama pakati pebiology uye art.